hieroglyphs; pictographic writing

ancient writing or characters; specifically refers to the Chinese scripts used before the Qin dynasty, such as [[甲骨文|甲骨文|jia3 gu3 wen2]], [[金文|金文|jin1 wen2]], and [[篆书|篆書|zhuan4 shu1]]

activity of using a computer to create, edit, and print documents

The broad study of the forms, pronunciations, and meanings of characters and their historical evolution

Official persecution of intellectuals or authors where the government picks through their writings to frame them for crimes; especially common during the Qing dynasty.

reform of a writing system, such as changes to its character set or spelling rules

A writing system based on characters or symbols that represent the sounds of a language, such as an alphabet or syllabary

An ancient system of writing characterized by wedge-shaped marks, developed originally by the Sumerians of Mesopotamia around 3000 BC.

a writing system using symbols to represent words or concepts rather than directly representing sounds; includes systems like Chinese characters, Egyptian hieroglyphs, or Babylonian cuneiform

A writing system using symbols to represent the sounds of a language, such as an alphabet or syllabary; also called [[拼音文字|拼音文字|pin1 yin1 wen2 zi4]].

A language or script that is no longer in active use; obsolete words or indecipherable ancient writing.

A friendship formed through a shared interest in literature, writing, or academic study; friends who bond over literary pursuits

the formal language used in writing rather than in everyday speech

text written horizontally from left to right or right to left, such as Latin or Arabic scripts

the ancient Chinese script found at the ruins of the Yin capital, carved on tortoise shells and animal bones during the late Shang Dynasty

A writing system where the relationship between written symbols and spoken sounds is direct and consistent, governed by simple and predictable rules.

The earliest known form of Chinese writing, consisting of characters carved on turtle shells and animal bones; also known as oracle bone inscriptions

An ancient writing system from Mesopotamia where wedge-shaped strokes resemble arrows or nails; also called [[楔形文字|楔形文字|xie1 xing2 wen2 zi4]] or [[钉头文字|釘頭文字|ding1 tou2 wen2 zi4]].

(of a webpage, document, or slide) text-only; containing no images or special formatting

emoji; a small digital image or icon used to express an idea or emotion in electronic communication

An old term for horizontal scripts, specifically referring to European or Latin-based languages written from left to right.

A type of writing system where characters or symbols are created by imitating the shapes of physical objects.

The ancient system of Chinese writing used for divination during the Shang dynasty, typically carved into turtle shells or animal bones.

An ancient system of writing used in Mesopotamia, characterized by wedge-shaped marks often made on clay tablets

the Korean phonetic alphabet; Korean letters

phonetic writing or transcription; a system of symbols used to represent speech sounds

A type of alphabetic writing system where each letter or symbol represents a single sound unit, such as script based on the Latin, Greek, or Arabic alphabets.

A type of phonetic writing system where each character or symbol represents a single spoken syllable.

Japanese-style emoticon created using characters and symbols to represent facial expressions

The oldest system of Chinese writing, consisting of characters carved onto tortoise shells and animal bones during the Shang and Zhou dynasties; these records were primarily used for divination

Chinese writing or characters as a system; specifically refers to the logographic script used to write the Chinese language

ancient Chinese characters carved on tortoise shells and animal bones from the Shang Dynasty

China Japan Korea unified ideographs; Unihan

Classic of the Characters of the Five Classics, a Tang Dynasty dictionary of standardized character forms used in the Confucian classics

The study of ancient writing systems and the deciphering of historical manuscripts.

picture writing or pictographs; simple drawings used to convey meaning rather than for artistic purposes, often considered a precursor to formal writing systems

the first letter of a word, usually referring to words written in [[拉丁字母|拉丁字母|la1 ding1 zi4 mu3]]

the alphabet or script used for Latin-based languages; Latin characters

A machine or computer system used for creating, editing, and printing documents; often considered a modern successor to the typewriter.

an expert in the study of writing systems, orthography, or historical linguistics

a computer file containing only plain text; text document

written documents or paper records kept as archives

playing or juggling with words; a game that involves manipulating characters or language

The study of written characters and spelling systems; orthography