The cultural and moral progress of a society, including its ideology, ethics, education, and art. Often used in contrast to [[物质文明|物質文明|wu4 zhi4 wen2 ming2]].

The material progress and tangible achievements of human society; contrasted with [[精神文明|精神文明|jing1 shen2 wen2 ming2]]

a country with an ancient civilization

A person who is well-educated, cultured, or has good manners that conform to social standards; civilized people.

the process of becoming civilized or the state of being civilized

Eastern civilization; the cultures and societies of the East

Early form of Chinese modern drama or spoken play, appearing in the early 20th century, often involving improvisation and contemporary social themes. Also known as [[话剧|話劇|hua4 ju4]] or [[新剧|新劇|xin1 ju4]].

an ancient civilization, typically referring to the early historical societies of humanity

a cane or walking stick, typically one carried as a fashion accessory rather than for medical necessity

A late Qing satirical novel by [[李伯元|李伯元|li3 bo2 yuan2]], also known as the "Short History of Civilization". Composed of 60 chapters, it depicts the social turmoil and the clash between Chinese tradition and Western influence following the 1900 invasion of the [[八国联军|八國聯軍|ba1 guo2 lian2 jun1]].

political civilization; the cumulative progress and outcomes of a society's political development, specifically focusing on the advancement of democracy, the legal system, and political institutions

the history and culture created by the people of ancient Egypt, originating along the Nile River and characterized by the pyramids and hieroglyphs

walking stick; cane; a Western-style cane historically used by gentlemen to appear sophisticated

Diseases of modern civilization caused by factors such as lack of exercise, overeating, or environmental pollution; refers to conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, or obesity.

Mesopotamian civilization; the ancient civilizations that developed between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

material and spiritual culture; the concept of advancing both physical standards of living and ideological or ethical values, popularized as a slogan in Deng Xiaoping theory

The ancient civilization of Central America created by the Maya people, known for its advanced agriculture, mathematics, astronomy, and hieroglyphic writing system.

diseases that appear to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized and people live longer, often caused by modern dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles

A state of society where humanity and nature coexist harmoniously; it encompasses sustainable development, energy conservation, resource protection, and the growth of a green economy.

The material and spiritual civilizations of socialism, a term used in the People's Republic of China to refer to both economic and cultural development.

The development of ideological, ethical, and cultural values within a society, aimed at improving the moral character and the scientific and cultural literacy of the people

the Maya civilization of Mesoamerica (Central America)

An ancient civilization created by the Maya people in Central America, centered in southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras; noted for its highly developed agriculture, mathematics, astronomy, calendar, and monumental stone pyramids.