to govern by doing nothing
- non-interferenceThe Daoist philosophy of non-action or let things take their own course; following the natural flow of events.
- 而 particleconjunction[adverbial linker]Connects an adverb-like description to the following verb to show the manner, cause, or basis of an action.
- 治 nounverbto ruleto rule; to govern; to manage or administer; to harness a river
to rule by moral influence
- governing by virtueA Confucian concept of ruling through moral influence and virtue rather than through force or punishment.
- 而 particleconjunction[adverbial linker]Connects an adverb-like description to the following verb to show the manner, cause, or basis of an action.
- 治 nounverbto ruleto rule; to govern; to manage or administer; to harness a river