- 明 nounopenlyopenly; publicly; aboveboard (as opposed to 暗 secretly)
- 查 verbto checkto check; to investigate; to examine; to look up (e.g. in a dictionary or reference)
- 暗 adjectivehiddenhidden; secret; not made public; done in private without others knowing
- 访 訪 verbnounto seek(bound form) to seek by inquiry; to search for; to investigate or hunt for