- 大肠杆菌 dàchánggǎnjūn E. coliEscherichia coli; a type of bacteria commonly found in the lower intestines of humans and other warm-blooded animals
- 结核杆菌 jiéhégǎnjūn tubercle bacillusThe bacterium that causes tuberculosis; mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 枯草杆菌 kūcǎogǎnjūn Bacillus subtilisa common soil bacterium often used as a model organism in biological research
- 嗜酸乳杆菌 shìsuānrǔgǎnjūn Lactobacillus acidophilusa species of beneficial bacteria often found in dairy products and used as a probiotic
- 布氏杆菌病 bùshìgǎnjūnbìng brucellosisAn infectious disease caused by Brucella bacteria that affects both humans and animals, also known as undulant fever or Mediterranean fever; it often causes recurring fever in humans and miscarriages in animals.
- 幽门螺旋杆菌 yōuménluóxuángǎnjūn Helicobacter pyloriHelicobacter pylori, a type of bacterium that can infect the stomach and cause ulcers
- 幽门螺杆菌 yōuménluógǎnjūn Helicobacter pyloriHelicobacter pylori; a species of bacteria that inhabits the stomach and can cause ulcers or gastritis
- 李斯特氏杆菌 lǐsītèshìgǎnjūn listerialisteria bacillus; any bacteria of the genus Listeria
- 棒状杆菌 bàngzhuànggǎnjūn corynebacterium, coryneform bacteriaGram-positive bacteria that include the pathogen causing diphtheria; widely found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals
- 炭疽杆菌 tànjūgǎnjūn anthrax bacteriumanthrax bacterium; Bacillus anthracis
- 白喉杆菌 báihóugǎnjūn diphtheria bacteriumKlebs-Löffler bacillus; the bacterium that causes diphtheria
- 肉毒杆菌 ròudúgǎnjūn botulinum bacteriumClostridium botulinum; an anaerobic bacterium that grows on decaying meat and produces a powerful toxin that causes botulism.
- 肉毒杆菌毒素 ròudúgǎnjūndúsù botulinum toxin
- 肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌 ròudúsuōzhuàngyábāogǎnjūn Clostridium botulinumClostridium botulinum (bacterium that produces the botulinum toxin and causes botulism)
- 蜡样芽孢杆菌 làyàngyábāogǎnjūn Bacillus cereusa type of soil-dwelling bacteria that can cause food poisoning
- 难辨梭状芽孢杆菌 nánbiànsuōzhuàngyábāogǎnjūn Clostridium difficilea species of Gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria often abbreviated as C. diff that can cause severe diarrhea and colitis
- 乳杆菌 rǔgǎnjūn lactobacilluslactobacillus; any of a group of rod-shaped bacteria that ferment carbohydrates into lactic acid
- 鼠疫杆菌 shǔyìgǎnjūn Yersinia pestisthe bubonic plague bacillus
- 仙人掌杆菌 xiānrénzhǎnggǎnjūn Bacillus cereusA type of bacterium that can cause food poisoning, also known as "Bacillus cereus".
- 军团杆菌 jūntuángǎnjūn Legionellalegionella bacteria
- 嗜血杆菌 shìxuègǎnjūn Haemophilusa genus of bacteria that require blood-derived growth factors; haemophilus bacteria