- 性染色体 xìngrǎnsètǐ sex chromosomeA chromosome involved in determining the biological sex of an organism; for example, humans have X and Y sex chromosomes.
- 常染色体 chángrǎnsètǐ autosomeAny chromosome that is not a sex chromosome, such as the 22 pairs in humans that are not X or Y.
- 异染色体 yìrǎnsètǐ sex chromosomea chromosome involved in determining the biological sex of an organism
- 染色体三倍体症 rǎnsètǐsānbèitǐzhèng trisomya chromosomal condition characterized by an additional chromosome, such as Down syndrome
- 体染色体 tǐrǎnsètǐ autosomeany chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
- 染色体倍性 rǎnsètǐbèixìng ploidythe number of sets of chromosomes in a cell or an organism
- 多线染色体 duōxiànrǎnsètǐ polytene chromosomea large chromosome consisting of many parallel strands of DNA, common in the salivary glands of some insects
