- Jie of XiaThe last ruler of the Xia dynasty, traditionally considered a tyrant; often referred to as 夏桀 .
- 犬 noundog(literary) dog; any of various canine mammals often kept as pets or for work; same as 狗
- 吠 verbto barkto bark; to yap; to howl
- Emperor YaoA legendary emperor and model of wisdom and virtue; one of the Five Legendary Emperors (Wudi)