plants and animals; flora and fauna; animal and vegetable life generally

a patient who has lost consciousness and the ability to move due to severe brain injury or illness, but remains alive through autonomic nervous system functions

Oil extracted from the seeds, fruits, or other parts of plants, used for cooking or as industrial raw material

A garden for the collection, cultivation, and display of various plants for research or public enjoyment; arboretum

vegetal; botanical; relating to plants or plant life

The branch of biology that deals with the study of plants, including their structure, growth, and classification.

General term for plants with soft, non-woody stems; they are typically small and can be categorized into annuals, biennials, or perennials. Shortened as [[草本|草本|cao3 ben3]].

Measures taken to ensure normal plant growth by controlling and eliminating pests, diseases, and weeds; often abbreviated as [[植保|植保|zhi2 bao3]]

A plant that grows in water or in soil that is saturated with water, such as algae, ferns, or seed-bearing water plants; hydrophyte.

a scientist who specializes in the study of plants

A general term for perennial plants with hard, woody stems, such as trees or shrubs; typically includes [[乔木|喬木|qiao2 mu4]] and [[灌木|灌木|guan4 mu4]].

botanic body; the physical structure of a plant; frond

The scientific study of the physiological structures, functions, and processes of plants.

A plant that produces seeds within a protective ovary or fruit; also known as a flowering plant.

The biological kingdom comprising all living plants; the Kingdom Plantae.

General term for plants with long, slender stems that crawl along the ground or climb up other objects; includes both woody vines like grapes and herbaceous vines like morning glories

The collective plant life of a specific region or time period; a plant community.

A type of seed-bearing plant where the seeds are exposed rather than enclosed in a fruit, such as pines, firs, and ginkgoes; contrasts with [[被子植物|被子植物|bei4 zi3 zhi2 wu4]].

a plant with an embryo that has two seed leaves (cotyledons)

A collective term for mosses, liverworts, and hornworts; simple green plants that lack true roots, stems, or leaves and grow in damp environments.

plant that retains its green leaves throughout the year, with new leaves growing before old ones fall off

Plants that reproduce by producing spores rather than seeds, including algae, mosses, ferns, and lichens.

A plant grown specifically for decorative purposes or for the beauty of its flowers, fruit, or leaves

vegetable gum or glue; plant-based gelatine

creeper; trailing or climbing plant that grows by clinging to other objects

A plant that requires a daily period of light shorter than a certain critical length, typically less than 10 hours, in order to flower.

A type of plant that produces flowers and seeds, including both gymnosperms and angiosperms

the name of a plant

Nerves that regulate internal organs, consisting of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems; so named because it was once thought to function independently of the will.

an organic compound produced naturally in plants that regulates their growth and development

margarine; vegetable butter

(medicine) a state of wakefulness without awareness, often resulting from severe brain damage

A type of plant hormone that regulates cell expansion and growth; it promotes functions such as stem elongation, root formation, and fruit development.

the scientific study of plant diseases, including their causes, development, and methods for control or prevention

Fiber derived from plants, typically used in making textiles and paper; includes types like cotton and hemp.

the basic structural and functional unit of plants, typically characterized by a rigid cell wall and the presence of chloroplasts

A collection of plant species living together in a specific environment and forming interdependent relationships; a phytocommunity or phytobiocoenose.

meat alternative or meat substitute made from plants

vegetable fat; fat derived from plants

chemical substance produced within a plant that regulates its growth and development

an aerophyte or epiphyte; a plant that grows on another plant or object but is not parasitic

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

A plant that grows in waters or soils of high salinity, such as sandy coastal areas.

plant that grows non-parasitically on another plant or object for support

seed plant; any plant that produces seeds, also known as a spermatophyte

an organ, tissue, or plant used for a transplant or implant

A plant with well-developed fiber tissues in its bark or stem, such as hemp or agave, used for making rope or weaving fabric

a plant characterized by the presence of conducting tissue; tracheophyte

plants containing chlorophyll, which appear green under sunlight