to die; to pass away; to perish

Connects an adverb-like description to the following verb to show the manner, cause, or basis of an action.

to not have; there is no; lack; (as prefix) non-; un-; -less

(bound form) Resentment, hatred, or a grudge; often used in words like 抱怨 bào​yuàn and 怨恨 yuàn​hèn