- 殖民地 zhímíndì colonyA country or region that has been taken over by another power and stripped of its political and economic independence
- 殖民主义 zhímínzhǔyì colonialismcolonialism; the policy of a powerful nation extending its control over weaker countries or territories for exploitation
- 半殖民地 bànzhímíndì semicolonya country or region that is independent in name but is actually controlled and oppressed by foreign powers in its politics and economy
- 殖民者 zhímínzhě colonizercolonizer; colonist; settler; a power or individual that expands their economic or political influence to other regions through force, often exploiting the local population
- 新殖民化 xīnzhímínhuà neocolonialization
- 次殖民地 cìzhímíndì semi-colonyA country whose sovereignty is partially usurped by multiple foreign powers, placing it in a status worse than a standard colony.
- 后殖民 hòuzhímín postcolonialof or relating to the period following a state of colonialism
- 新殖民主义 xīnzhímínzhǔyì neocolonialismA form of colonialism appearing after World War II, using more subtle political, economic, or cultural methods to control developing nations.
- 半封建半殖民地 bànfēngjiànbànzhímíndì semifeudal and semicolonialThe official Marxist description of China's social structure during the late Qing dynasty and under the [[国民党|國民黨|guo2 min2 dang3]] government.
- 殖民政策 zhímínzhèngcè colonial policythe political, military, economic, and cultural strategies used by a country to govern its colonies, or the practice of colonialism