- 喀拉汗国 kālāhánguó Karakhanid KhanateKarakhan Dynasty or Khanate of Central Asia, dating from approximately the 9th to 11th centuries
- 窝阔台汗国 wōkuòtáihánguó Ögedei KhanateMongol khanate established in Central Asia by the second son of Genghis Khan
- 金帐汗国 jīnzhànghánguó Golden HordeThe Golden Horde, a Mongol khanate established in the 13th century in the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire
