{"type":"character","character":{"character":"波","codepoint":"U+6CE2","gloss":"waves","iconicGloss":null,"hint":"Phonosemantic compound. 氵 represents the meaning and 皮 represents the sound. ","originalMeaning":null,"strokeCountSimp":8,"strokeCountTrad":8,"isVerified":true,"components":[{"hint":"氵 is a component form of 水. ","type":["meaning"],"character":"氵","pinyin":["shui","shuǐ"],"gloss":"water","iconicGloss":null},{"hint":"","type":["sound"],"character":"皮","isOldPronunciation":true,"pinyin":["pí"],"gloss":"skin","iconicGloss":null,"historicalPronunciations":[{"gloss":"skin","pinyin":"pí","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*m-[p](r)aj ","middleChinese":"bje"}]}],"customSources":["漢語多功能字庫|http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E6%B3%A2"],"simplifiedVariants":null,"traditionalVariants":null,"variantOf":null,"junDaRank":664,"junDaFrequency":58859,"junDaPerMillion":304.174562411412,"subtlexRank":801,"subtlexCount":7341,"subtlexPerMillion":156.72,"subtlexContextDiversity":2154,"hsk2Level":6,"hsk3Level":6,"strokeDataSimp":{"source":"dong","medians":[[[203,718],[292,662],[312,626]],[[137,526],[209,474],[225,445]],[[173,39],[162,71],[162,124],[316,392]],[[465,566],[479,555],[494,557],[717,616],[763,622],[781,616],[798,603],[802,592],[735,508]],[[394,583],[426,552],[431,510],[426,433],[406,297],[381,204],[346,124],[313,69],[272,18]],[[560,821],[609,779],[610,770],[598,417],[580,388]],[[496,357],[557,359],[679,391],[703,382],[717,362],[701,287],[680,231],[656,184],[610,126],[567,94],[525,74],[453,52],[397,43]],[[480,298],[512,290],[530,275],[667,135],[808,22],[897,10],[975,10]]],"strokes":["M 211 728 Q 198 729 195 723 Q 191 714 201 703 Q 273 619 306 614 Q 315 613 321 616 Q 325 622 330 639 Q 333 657 326 674 Q 311 713 211 728 Z","M 143 492 Q 182 441 219 422 Q 235 418 246 433 Q 253 446 251 466 Q 245 493 226 508 Q 181 539 138 539 Q 132 539 130 537 Q 123 536 125 522 Q 126 509 143 492 Z","M 125 154 Q 112 151 114 133 Q 127 54 160 34 Q 167 27 178 29 Q 185 30 188 56 Q 200 116 316 371 Q 323 387 323 394 Q 322 404 313 398 Q 298 389 170 198 Q 157 176 125 154 Z","M 628 573 Q 674 588 722 597 Q 756 604 759 590 Q 759 575 732 521 Q 723 505 731 501 Q 738 497 752 509 Q 828 563 859 573 Q 884 577 882 592 Q 881 605 803 643 Q 781 653 752 646 Q 685 625 630 609 L 578 596 Q 523 586 455 571 C 426 565 435 521 464 529 Q 566 559 578 561 L 628 573 Z","M 455 571 Q 409 604 388 596 Q 376 589 383 575 Q 399 554 400 490 Q 399 484 399 475 Q 396 330 363 224 Q 333 133 270 30 Q 266 24 263 18 Q 262 8 272 9 Q 299 12 369 125 Q 379 146 390 167 Q 438 278 458 478 Q 462 526 464 529 C 469 559 469 562 455 571 Z","M 618 392 Q 624 486 628 573 L 630 609 Q 633 699 652 784 Q 656 796 635 811 Q 598 830 573 835 Q 557 839 548 830 Q 541 821 549 806 Q 574 770 574 745 Q 578 673 578 596 L 578 561 Q 578 476 574 380 C 573 350 616 362 618 392 Z","M 608 163 Q 598 151 587 139 Q 533 90 397 50 Q 381 46 391 38 Q 398 32 428 36 Q 519 46 572 70 Q 611 89 643 124 L 674 164 Q 711 219 737 301 Q 744 337 766 354 Q 782 369 764 385 Q 743 401 709 416 Q 687 423 664 413 Q 642 401 618 392 L 574 380 Q 496 365 492 362 Q 483 355 502 346 Q 529 333 569 345 Q 612 355 656 366 Q 677 373 677 349 Q 677 277 633 199 L 608 163 Z","M 643 124 Q 712 48 772 -12 Q 791 -31 819 -29 Q 972 -8 981 6 Q 985 13 974 17 Q 809 62 705 139 Q 690 151 674 164 L 633 199 Q 587 239 534 292 Q 521 308 502 309 Q 478 308 472 300 Q 471 294 478 290 Q 518 272 544 237 Q 577 200 608 163 L 643 124 Z"]},"strokeDataTrad":{"source":"dong","medians":[[[203,718],[292,662],[312,626]],[[137,526],[209,474],[225,445]],[[173,39],[162,71],[162,124],[316,392]],[[465,566],[479,555],[494,557],[717,616],[763,622],[781,616],[798,603],[802,592],[735,508]],[[394,583],[426,552],[431,510],[426,433],[406,297],[381,204],[346,124],[313,69],[272,18]],[[560,821],[609,779],[610,770],[598,417],[580,388]],[[496,357],[557,359],[679,391],[703,382],[717,362],[701,287],[680,231],[656,184],[610,126],[567,94],[525,74],[453,52],[397,43]],[[480,298],[512,290],[530,275],[667,135],[808,22],[897,10],[975,10]]],"strokes":["M 211 728 Q 198 729 195 723 Q 191 714 201 703 Q 273 619 306 614 Q 315 613 321 616 Q 325 622 330 639 Q 333 657 326 674 Q 311 713 211 728 Z","M 143 492 Q 182 441 219 422 Q 235 418 246 433 Q 253 446 251 466 Q 245 493 226 508 Q 181 539 138 539 Q 132 539 130 537 Q 123 536 125 522 Q 126 509 143 492 Z","M 125 154 Q 112 151 114 133 Q 127 54 160 34 Q 167 27 178 29 Q 185 30 188 56 Q 200 116 316 371 Q 323 387 323 394 Q 322 404 313 398 Q 298 389 170 198 Q 157 176 125 154 Z","M 628 573 Q 674 588 722 597 Q 756 604 759 590 Q 759 575 732 521 Q 723 505 731 501 Q 738 497 752 509 Q 828 563 859 573 Q 884 577 882 592 Q 881 605 803 643 Q 781 653 752 646 Q 685 625 630 609 L 578 596 Q 523 586 455 571 C 426 565 435 521 464 529 Q 566 559 578 561 L 628 573 Z","M 455 571 Q 409 604 388 596 Q 376 589 383 575 Q 399 554 400 490 Q 399 484 399 475 Q 396 330 363 224 Q 333 133 270 30 Q 266 24 263 18 Q 262 8 272 9 Q 299 12 369 125 Q 379 146 390 167 Q 438 278 458 478 Q 462 526 464 529 C 469 559 469 562 455 571 Z","M 618 392 Q 624 486 628 573 L 630 609 Q 633 699 652 784 Q 656 796 635 811 Q 598 830 573 835 Q 557 839 548 830 Q 541 821 549 806 Q 574 770 574 745 Q 578 673 578 596 L 578 561 Q 578 476 574 380 C 573 350 616 362 618 392 Z","M 608 163 Q 598 151 587 139 Q 533 90 397 50 Q 381 46 391 38 Q 398 32 428 36 Q 519 46 572 70 Q 611 89 643 124 L 674 164 Q 711 219 737 301 Q 744 337 766 354 Q 782 369 764 385 Q 743 401 709 416 Q 687 423 664 413 Q 642 401 618 392 L 574 380 Q 496 365 492 362 Q 483 355 502 346 Q 529 333 569 345 Q 612 355 656 366 Q 677 373 677 349 Q 677 277 633 199 L 608 163 Z","M 643 124 Q 712 48 772 -12 Q 791 -31 819 -29 Q 972 -8 981 6 Q 985 13 974 17 Q 809 62 705 139 Q 690 151 674 164 L 633 199 Q 587 239 534 292 Q 521 308 502 309 Q 478 308 472 300 Q 471 294 478 290 Q 518 272 544 237 Q 577 200 608 163 L 643 124 Z"]},"fragmentsSimp":[[0,1,2],[3,4,5,6,7]],"fragmentsTrad":null,"historicalImages":[{"era":"Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%B3%A2_0.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"包2.110(楚)"},{"era":"Shuowen (~100 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%B3%A2_1.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"說文‧水部"},{"era":"Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%B3%A2_2.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"睡.日甲142背(隸)秦"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%B3%A2_3.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"古地圖(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%B3%A2_4.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"古地圖(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%B3%A2_5.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"西陲簡51.19(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E6%B3%A2_6.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"尹宙碑(隸)東漢"}],"historicalPronunciations":[{"gloss":"wave (n.)","pinyin":"bō","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*pˤaj ","middleChinese":"pa"}],"shuowenExplanation":"《說文》：“波，水涌流也。从水，皮聲。”","shuowenPronunciation":"博禾切","shuowenPinyin":"bo","pinyinFrequencies":[{"count":114,"pinyin":"bō"}],"pinyin":["bō"]},"componentUses":[{"type":"sound","characters":[{"character":"婆","isVerified":true},{"character":"啵","isVerified":false},{"character":"菠","isVerified":false}],"verifiedCount":1},{"type":"meaning","characters":[{"character":"啵","isVerified":false}],"verifiedCount":0}],"commonWords":[{"simplified":"波","traditional":"波","pinyin":"bo1","gloss":"disturbance","definition":"a metaphorical storm, surge, or unexpected conflict","perMillion":76.2050554447103},{"simplified":"波动","traditional":"波動","pinyin":"bo1 dong4","gloss":"fluctuate","definition":"to rise and fall in value, level, or intensity; instability in a situation","perMillion":31.9386624921413},{"simplified":"波士顿","traditional":"波士頓","pinyin":"Bo1 shi4 dun4","gloss":"Boston","definition":"Boston, capital of Massachusetts","perMillion":19.79},{"simplified":"波兰","traditional":"波蘭","pinyin":"Bo1 lan2","gloss":"Poland","definition":"Poland","perMillion":11.9809088088406},{"simplified":"奔波","traditional":"奔波","pinyin":"ben1 bo1","gloss":"rush about","definition":"to be constantly on the move, typically for work, duties, or making a living","perMillion":9.52819458674331},{"simplified":"风波","traditional":"風波","pinyin":"feng1 bo1","gloss":"disturbance","definition":"an incident involving public conflict, disagreement, or social disputes","perMillion":8.59315704061896},{"simplified":"波特","traditional":"波特","pinyin":"bo1 te4","gloss":"porter","definition":"a dark style of beer developed in London in the 18th century","perMillion":7.72},{"simplified":"波斯","traditional":"波斯","pinyin":"Bo1 si1","gloss":"Persia","definition":"Persia","perMillion":6.02},{"simplified":"波音","traditional":"波音","pinyin":"bo1 yin1","gloss":"mordent","definition":"mordent (music)","perMillion":5.92980044942603},{"simplified":"微波炉","traditional":"微波爐","pinyin":"wei1 bo1 lu2","gloss":"microwave","definition":"microwave oven","perMillion":5.34},{"simplified":"微波","traditional":"微波","pinyin":"wei1 bo1","gloss":"microwave","definition":"electromagnetic radiation with a frequency between 300 MHz and 300 GHz, or an appliance that uses it","perMillion":5.02843593961198},{"simplified":"波澜","traditional":"波瀾","pinyin":"bo1 lan2","gloss":"billows","definition":"large waves or billows on water","perMillion":5.02461187239693},{"simplified":"波及","traditional":"波及","pinyin":"bo1 ji2","gloss":"affect","definition":"to involve or have an impact on someone or something","perMillion":4.3584806083531},{"simplified":"波多黎各","traditional":"波多黎各","pinyin":"Bo1 duo1 Li2 ge4","gloss":"Puerto Rico","definition":"Puerto Rico, a self-governing unincorporated territory of the United States","perMillion":4.2},{"simplified":"波比","traditional":"波比","pinyin":"bo1 bi3","gloss":"burpee","definition":"burpee (loanword)","perMillion":4.17},{"simplified":"波浪","traditional":"波浪","pinyin":"bo1 lang4","gloss":"wave","definition":"wave","perMillion":3.47751112368598},{"simplified":"阿波罗","traditional":"阿波羅","pinyin":"A1 bo1 luo2","gloss":"Apollo","definition":"Apollo (loanword)","perMillion":3.46},{"simplified":"波长","traditional":"波長","pinyin":"bo1 chang2","gloss":"wavelength","definition":"wavelength","perMillion":3.3882297766235},{"simplified":"宁波市","traditional":"寧波市","pinyin":"Ning2 bo1 Shi4","gloss":"Ningbo","definition":"Ningbo, a sub-provincial city in Zhejiang Province","perMillion":3.29013183014854},{"simplified":"波段","traditional":"波段","pinyin":"bo1 duan4","gloss":"waveband","definition":"wave band","perMillion":3.15660814988972},{"simplified":"波黑","traditional":"波黑","pinyin":"Bo1 Hei1","gloss":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","definition":"Bosnia and Herzegovina (abbreviation of [[波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那|波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那|Bo1 si1 ni2 ya4 he2 Hei1 sai4 ge1 wei2 na4]])","perMillion":2.82577322374325},{"simplified":"超声波","traditional":"超聲波","pinyin":"chao1 sheng1 bo1","gloss":"ultrasound","definition":"ultrasound (scan)","perMillion":2.65},{"simplified":"波幅","traditional":"波幅","pinyin":"bo1 fu2","gloss":"amplitude","definition":"amplitude","perMillion":2.59404537292016},{"simplified":"曼波","traditional":"曼波","pinyin":"man4 bo1","gloss":"mambo","definition":"(loanword) mambo (dance)","perMillion":2.5},{"simplified":"波折","traditional":"波折","pinyin":"bo1 zhe2","gloss":"twists and turns","definition":"twists and turns; complications in a situation","perMillion":2.35769677421221},{"simplified":"轩然大波","traditional":"軒然大波","pinyin":"xuan1 ran2 da4 bo1","gloss":"huge waves","definition":"giant waves or billows","perMillion":2.25673077732596},{"simplified":"莎拉波娃","traditional":"莎拉波娃","pinyin":"Sha1 la1 bo1 wa2","gloss":"Sharapova","definition":"Sharapova (Russian female tennis star)","perMillion":2.07864609160288},{"simplified":"声波","traditional":"聲波","pinyin":"sheng1 bo1","gloss":"sound wave","definition":"sound wave","perMillion":2.06},{"simplified":"哈利波特","traditional":"哈利波特","pinyin":"Ha1 li4 bo1 te4","gloss":"Harry Potter","definition":"A fictional character and the titular protagonist of J.K. Rowling's book series.","perMillion":2.06},{"simplified":"小波","traditional":"小波","pinyin":"xiao3 bo1","gloss":"wavelet","definition":"wavelet (mathematics)","perMillion":2.05963197961694},{"simplified":"波形","traditional":"波形","pinyin":"bo1 xing2","gloss":"waveform","definition":"the shape and form of a wave","perMillion":2.03998052309515},{"simplified":"推波助澜","traditional":"推波助瀾","pinyin":"tui1 bo1 zhu4 lan2","gloss":"instigate","definition":"to add fuel to the fire; to egg on or incite a situation, making a conflict or problem more intense","perMillion":2.00875064083891},{"simplified":"波斯尼亚","traditional":"波斯尼亞","pinyin":"Bo1 si1 ni2 ya4","gloss":"Bosnia","definition":"Bosnia","perMillion":1.94},{"simplified":"冲击波","traditional":"衝擊波","pinyin":"chong1 ji1 bo1","gloss":"shock wave","definition":"a powerful pressure wave traveling through a medium, caused by an explosion or supersonic motion","perMillion":1.94},{"simplified":"波多黎各人","traditional":"波多黎各人","pinyin":"Bo duo li ge ren2","gloss":"Puerto Rican","definition":"a person who is from Puerto Rico or of Puerto Rican descent.","perMillion":1.79},{"simplified":"滤波","traditional":"濾波","pinyin":"lu:4 bo1","gloss":"filter","definition":"to filter electric signals","perMillion":1.51273725582015},{"simplified":"电波","traditional":"電波","pinyin":"dian4 bo1","gloss":"radio wave","definition":"electromagnetic waves or radio waves used for signal transmission and communication","perMillion":1.42165009923945},{"simplified":"一波三折","traditional":"一波三折","pinyin":"yi1 bo1 san1 zhe2","gloss":"calligraphy","definition":"a calligraphic flourish or stroke with many twists and undulations","perMillion":1.4101778975943},{"simplified":"波罗","traditional":"波羅","pinyin":"Bo1 luo2","gloss":"Volkswagen Polo","definition":"The Polo car model manufactured by Volkswagen","perMillion":1.37},{"simplified":"滤波器","traditional":"濾波器","pinyin":"lu:4 bo1 qi4","gloss":"filter","definition":"signal filter","perMillion":1.33417456169518},{"simplified":"随波逐流","traditional":"隨波逐流","pinyin":"sui2 bo1 zhu2 liu2","gloss":"conform","definition":"To drift with the waves and go with the flow; to follow the crowd blindly.","perMillion":1.3061845141628},{"simplified":"波涛","traditional":"波濤","pinyin":"bo1 tao1","gloss":"billows","definition":"great waves; large, rolling waves on a body of water","perMillion":1.2733081585223},{"simplified":"波纹","traditional":"波紋","pinyin":"bo1 wen2","gloss":"ripple","definition":"small waves or undulations on the surface of water or other liquids","perMillion":1.23262433231774},{"simplified":"波动性","traditional":"波動性","pinyin":"bo1 dong4 xing4","gloss":"volatility","definition":"the property or state of fluctuating; volatility","perMillion":1.19996042485586},{"simplified":"波澜壮阔","traditional":"波瀾壯闊","pinyin":"bo1 lan2 zhuang4 kuo4","gloss":"magnificent","definition":"unfolding on a magnificent scale","perMillion":1.16347245017893},{"simplified":"电磁波","traditional":"電磁波","pinyin":"dian4 ci2 bo1","gloss":"electromagnetic wave","definition":"electromagnetic wave","perMillion":1.13558862673585},{"simplified":"薄一波","traditional":"薄一波","pinyin":"Bo2 Yi1 bo1","gloss":"Bo Yibo","definition":"Bo Yibo (1908-2007), high-ranking PRC politician who served on the State Council from the 1950s to the 1980s as a colleague of Deng Xiaoping","perMillion":1.13203011974407},{"simplified":"波尔多","traditional":"波爾多","pinyin":"Bo1 er3 duo1","gloss":"Bordeaux","definition":"Bordeaux (city in France)","perMillion":1.07679359330446},{"simplified":"谐波","traditional":"諧波","pinyin":"xie2 bo1","gloss":"harmonic","definition":"a wave with a frequency that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency","perMillion":1.04418279788723},{"simplified":"波罗的海","traditional":"波羅的海","pinyin":"Bo1 luo2 di4 Hai3","gloss":"Baltic Sea","definition":"the Baltic Sea","perMillion":1.0299487699201}],"deletedComponentGlyphs":null,"wordData":{"simplified":"波","traditional":"波","senses":[{"id":483131,"simplified":"波","traditional":"波","pinyin":"bo1","gloss":"disturbance","definition":"a metaphorical storm, surge, or unexpected conflict","example":"这波强冷空气导致当地气温大幅下降。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["n"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":2,"sentenceCount":2,"exampleSentenceHtml":"这波强冷空气导致当地气温大幅下降。"},{"id":483132,"simplified":"波","traditional":"波","pinyin":"bo1","gloss":"wave","definition":"a wave or ripple on the surface of water","example":"示波器上显示出一段极其规律的声波图像。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["n","n"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":2,"sentenceCount":2,"exampleSentenceHtml":"示波器上显示出一段极其规律的声波图像。"},{"id":483134,"simplified":"波","traditional":"波","pinyin":"Bo1","gloss":"Poland","definition":"abbreviation for Poland ([[波兰|波蘭|Bo1 lan2]])","example":"波中两国在经贸领域有广泛合作。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["j","n"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":2,"sentenceCount":2,"exampleSentenceHtml":"波中两国在经贸领域有广泛合作。"},{"id":483133,"simplified":"波","traditional":"波","pinyin":"Bo1","gloss":"Bo","definition":"Chinese surname Bo","example":"波先生是这家公司的创始人。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["nr"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"波先生是这家公司的创始人。"}],"references":[{"id":8191,"sourceSimplified":"轰炸","sourceTraditional":"轟炸","sourcePinyin":"hong1 zha4","targetSimplified":"波","targetTraditional":"波","targetPinyin":"bo1","type":"classifier","source":"cedict"}],"frequency":{"subtlexPerMillion":36.07,"subtlexContextDiversityPct":10,"bccPerMillion":76.20505544471025}}}