涵洞
hán​dòng

culvert

涵 hán, hàn soak

Components

氵
氵 Meaning component
shui, shuǐ water

water

函
函 Sound component
hán envelop, case

Character Evolution

Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagarthom[ɡ]ˤ[o]msoak, overflow
Zhengzhangɡuːm
ɡuːmʔ
Unicodehom

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-SagartZhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica

洞 dòng cave

Phonosemantic compound. 氵 represents the meaning and 同 represents the sound.

Components

氵
氵 Meaning component
shui, shuǐ water

氵 is a component form of 水.

同
同 Sound component
tóng, tong, tòng together

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld Chinese
Zhengzhangdoːŋ
doːŋs
Unicodedhùng
dhung

說文解字

《說文》：“洞，疾流也。从水，同聲。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Zhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)