(historical) to transport grain or other tax goods to the capital or military outposts via waterways; the official system of waterborne logistics used by central governments in imperial China

a waterway used for transporting grain in ancient times, particularly referring to the [[大运河|大運河|da4 yun4 he2]]

grain transported by water to the capital or other designated locations in imperial China

transport grain or rice via waterways, especially for military or official supply

(historical) the combined transportation of grain to the capital by both water and land routes

(literary) to transport grain and supplies; specifically, land transport is called "zhuǎn" and water transport is called "cáo"

to convey food or grain along a waterway; specifically used in historical contexts regarding the transport of tax grain