- 独生子女 dúshēngzǐnǚ only childthe only son or daughter born to a couple; an only child
- 私生子 sīshēngzǐ illegitimate childa child born of parents not married to each other; illegitimate son or daughter
- 独生子 dúshēngzǐ only sonan only child who is a son
- 非婚生子女 fēihūnshēngzǐnǚ illegitimate childChildren born to parents who are not legally married to each other.
- 婚生子女 hūnshēngzǐnǚ legitimate childrenchildren born in wedlock or within a legal marriage relationship
- 孪生子 luánshēngzǐ twintwo siblings or offspring born of the same pregnancy; see also [[双胞胎|雙胞胎|shuang1 bao1 tai1]]
- 独生子女政策 dúshēngzǐnǚzhèngcè one-child policyThe population planning policy of China which generally restricted families to having only one child
- 双生子 shuāngshēngzǐ twinstwo babies born from the same pregnancy; also used to refer to two people who were born at the same time to the same mother
- 借腹生子 jièfùshēngzǐ surrogate pregnancyTo have a child via a surrogate mother; originally used when a wife was infertile to describe seeking an heir through another woman.
- 私生子女 sīshēngzǐnǚ illegitimate childA child born to parents who are not legally married.
- 结婚生子 jiéhūnshēngzǐ to marry and have childrento get married and have children; to start a family
- 老生子 lǎoshēngzǐ youngest sonthe last son born to an elderly couple
- 家生子 jiāshēngzǐ domestic servant(literary) servant born into a household and raised as a slave
- 亲生子女 qīnshēngzǐnǚ one's own childrenone's own biological children, as opposed to children who are adopted
- 暮生子 mùshēngzǐ posthumous childchild born after the death of his or her father