Refers to the period of academic and philosophical flourishing during the Warring States period; in modern usage, it refers to the free expression and debate between different schools of thought.

The Book of Family Names; an anonymous Song dynasty reading primer listing several hundred common Chinese surnames in four-character rhyming verses.

the various schools of thought, their scholars, and their writings during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (770–221 BC); refers to representative thinkers like [[孔子|孔子|kong3 zi3]] and [[老子|老子|lao3 zi3]], and schools like [[儒家|儒家|ru2 jia1]] and [[道家|道家|dao4 jia1]]

To suppress all non-Confucian schools of thought in favor of Confucianism, as in the cultural policy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty

To ban all other schools of thought and establish Confucianism as the sole official ideology; a policy famously adopted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Originally described the flourishing of different schools of thought during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods; used today to describe a situation where many different academic or ideological viewpoints are freely expressed and debated

A card game commonly played in casinos, originally from Europe, where the goal is to have a hand value closest to nine points. In this game, cards two through nine are worth their face value, tens and face cards are worth zero, and aces are worth one point.

a large collection of classical Chinese philosophical and historical texts from various schools of thought, compiled and published in the late nineteenth century

A policy of letting diverse ideas and arts flourish; refers to the various philosophical schools of the Warring States period, and later to Mao Zedong's campaign in 1956.

The Anthology of Classics, History, and Other Schools of Thought; an influential 26-volume collection of ancient Chinese prose compiled by the Qing dynasty statesman [[曾国藩|曾國藩|zeng1 guo2 fan1]].