numerous; many; all kinds of; used to describe a great variety or large quantity

(bound form) (of a dynasty, etc.) to collapse; to perish; also things that have been abandoned or fallen into disuse

Literary word meaning all, both, or entirely; indicates that different subjects perform the same action or share the same trait, similar to 都 dōu

to rise; to flourish; to start; to build; to become popular; to mobilize