the New Fourth Army Incident (January 1941), a major conflict between Nationalist and Communist forces during the Second Sino-Japanese War

The Anhui faction of the Northern warlords from approximately 1911 to 1929

A Qing Dynasty intellectual movement of classical scholarship founded by Dai Zhen; it focuses on philology, phonology, and historical research to interpret ancient texts.

The conflict in 1920 between the Zhili faction led by Cao Kun and the Anhui faction led by Duan Qirui for control over the Beijing government.