- 直系亲属 zhíxìqīnshǔ immediate familyone's directly related family members, such as parents, children, or a spouse; next of kin
- 直系血亲 zhíxìxuèqīn immediate blood relativeA blood relative in one's direct line of descent, such as parents and children
- 直系军阀 zhíxìjūnfá Zhili factionthe Zhili faction of the Northern Warlords, a powerful group during the early years of the Republic of China
- 直系尊亲属 zhíxìzūnqīnshǔ lineal ascendantsin legal contexts, relatives of a senior generation in a direct line of descent, such as parents or grandparents
- 直系祖先 zhíxìzǔxiān direct ancestorA person from whom one is descended in a direct line
