private; personal; individual; belonging to or used by an individual rather than the public or the government

thinking only of one's own interests without considering others; self-centered; selfishness

privately owned or operated; private (as opposed to state-owned)

personal secrets; private matters one does not wish to share with others

in secret; in private; behind closed doors

to smuggle goods; to transport items illegally past customs or across borders

private; privately owned or managed; used to describe personal possessions like a house or car as opposed to public or government-owned ones

selfless; unselfish; altruistic; disinterested; having no private or personal interests in mind

personal or private business (as opposed to public office or work)

done without the approval of the people or authorities in charge; secretly; privately

A person's personal or family life, often referring to their individual conduct or behavior outside of their public or professional roles

to elope; to run away with a lover without the consent of one's family or in defiance of social convention

established or run by individuals or private organizations, rather than the government

to transfer from public to private ownership or control; the process of such a transfer

personal savings of a family member or a private stash of money

to be privately owned; private; of or relating to private ownership

a child born of parents not married to each other; illegitimate son or daughter

private or selfish interest; personal gain

refers to both public and private matters, interests, or sectors; the state and the individual

to keep in one's private possession; to hide or store something secretly or illegally

selfishness; selfish motives or ideas

Personal feelings, relationships, or considerations between individuals as opposed to public or official matters

in private or in secret; behind closed doors

to use one's position or official authority to seek private interests; to abuse power for personal gain

joint public-private operation; specifically refers to the state-capitalist system used in China during the mid-1950s to transition private businesses into the socialist economy

to speak in low tones or talk privately; to discuss in whispered tones

The social or economic system of private ownership of the means of production or property; the opposite of [[公有制|公有制|gong1 you3 zhi4]]

the legal right of an individual to keep their personal life and private information secret and free from intrusion or unwanted publicity

personal wealth, assets, or possessions owned by an individual; also called [[私产|私產|si1 chan3]]

a person who illegally smuggles goods across a across a border

privately; secretly; in privacy or confidence

to divide something up privately or secretly; often refers to the illegal distribution of public funds or stolen goods; to share out loot

To search for and seize smuggled goods or to hunt down and arrest smugglers.

personal or selfish desire; greediness

everything for self and selfish profit; seeking only one's own interests with no regard for others

To settle a dispute privately or out of court rather than through formal legal procedures.

punishment carried out by an individual or a group without legal authority; illegal punishment by a kangaroo court

A private school in old China, typically run by a single teacher without a fixed curriculum or set number of years.

personal or private use

(idiom) to engage in favoritism and commit irregularities for personal profit; to do something wrong or illegal to serve one's own interests or those of friends and relatives

(idiom) to whisper or talk in low voices; to have a private conversation

A business owned and operated by individuals, or the person who operates such a business

completely fair and just in handling matters; not favoring any side

The body of law governing relations between individuals or legal entities, such as civil law or commercial law; distinct from [[公法|公法|gong1 fa3]]

personal friendship or relationship between individuals; personal acquaintance

to act for personal gain or based on personal feelings rather than fairness or the law

a secret stash of money kept by a family member for personal use; secret purse

Personal or civil rights protected by law, such as property rights or identity rights; distinct from [[公权|公權|gong1 quan2]].

For personal or private reasons; for a non-work-related purpose