- 科举制 kējǔzhì imperial examination systemThe system used in imperial China to select candidates for the state bureaucracy.
- 科举制度 kējǔzhìdù imperial examination systemThe political system used in ancient China for selecting government officials through competitive exams; it began during the Sui Dynasty and was abolished in 1905 during the late Qing Dynasty.
- 科举考试 kējǔkǎoshì imperial examinationsThe official system of competitive examinations for civil service positions in imperial China.