refined; choice; high quality; of the best standard

To heat a substance to remove impurities, extract a component, or strengthen it; to smelt, refine, or temper

meticulous; fine; detailed; accurate; the opposite of 粗 cū

To carefully polish or refine writing to make it concise and precise

skilled; conversant; having a thorough knowledge of a subject or craft

To improve one's character, skills, or physical fitness through practice or experience; often confused with 练 liàn

clever; sharp; smart; astute

To heat a substance to remove impurities, extract a component, or strengthen it; to smelt, refine, or temper