- 物质文明和精神文明 wùzhìwénmínghéjīngshénwénmíng material and spiritual progressmaterial and spiritual culture; the concept of advancing both physical standards of living and ideological or ethical values, popularized as a slogan in Deng Xiaoping theory
- 精神文明建设 jīngshénwénmíngjiànshè spiritual civilization developmentThe development of ideological, ethical, and cultural values within a society, aimed at improving the moral character and the scientific and cultural literacy of the people