纽伦堡
Niǔ​lún​bǎo

Nuremberg

纽 niǔ knot, button Simplified

Phonosemantic compound. 纟 represents the meaning and 丑 represents the sound. Simplified form of 紐.

Components

纟
纟 Meaning component
mì silk

纟 is a component form of 糸.

丑
丑 Sound component
chǒu second earthly branch; (simp.) ugly

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode

伦 lún human relationship Simplified

Phonosemantic compound. 亻 represents the meaning and 仑 represents the sound. Simplified form of 倫.

Components

亻
亻 Meaning component
rén person

亻 is a component form of 人.

仑
仑 Sound component
lún, lùn logical reasons

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode

堡 bǎo fortress

Phonosemantic compound. 土 represents the meaning and 保 represents the sound.

Components

保
保 SoundMeaning component
bǎo protect

保 also serves as a meaning component.

土
土 Meaning component
tǔ earth

Historical Pronunciations

Old Chinese
Zhengzhangpuːʔ

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Zhengzhang Shangfang

紐 niǔ knot, button Traditional

Phonosemantic compound. 糹 represents the meaning and 丑 represents the sound.

Components

糹
糹 Meaning component
mì silk

糹 is a component form of 糸.

丑
丑 Sound component
chǒu second earthly branch; (simp.) ugly

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartnrjuwXn<r>uʔ fastener

說文解字

《說文》：“紐，系也。一曰結而可解。从糸，丑聲。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

倫 human relationship Traditional

Phonosemantic compound. 亻 represents the meaning and 侖 represents the sound.

Components

亻
亻 Meaning component
rén person

亻 is a component form of 人.

侖
侖 Sound component
arrange

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartlwin[r]u[n] relationship; order; category

說文解字

《說文》：“倫，輩也。从人，侖聲。一曰道也。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)