Indicates that an action is completed, a situation has changed, or a certain degree or time has been reached.

System of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services; the national economy

Used to indicate that something has happened as a result of a previous event or process, meaning "after" or "through".

to manage, operate, or run (a business, project, etc.); to deal in or carry (specific goods or services)

previously; in the past; indicates that an action has happened before, often used in combination with [[过|過|guo5]]

Knowledge or skills gained from practice or direct participation

frequently; constantly; regularly; often

to experience; to undergo; to go through something personally

Classic; typical; having authoritative or representative value as a model or example.

manager or director of a business or department

Economic system where the production and prices of goods and services are determined by the free market rather than the government

general manager; president; CEO; the highest leader in a company responsible for all administration and operations

the bundle of fibers in the body that carries messages between the brain and other parts of the body

funds; outlay; expenditure for a specific purpose or for the regular operation of an organization

the collective sum of production, distribution, and consumption activities within a country or region; includes both industrial sectors and non-productive sectors like education and healthcare

A professional who manages the business affairs, bookings, and contracts for an entertainer or athlete; also abbreviated as [[经纪|經紀|jing1 ji4]].

economic benefits; economic efficiency or performance; the ratio between the input of resources and the resulting output in economic activity

A person or business that sells specific products within a certain area, such as a dealer, reseller, or broker.

The Christian scriptures, consisting of the Old Testament and the New Testament

Economy and trade; abbreviation for [[经济贸易|經濟貿易|jing1 ji4 mao4 yi4]]

A person who manages or operates a business or enterprise; manager, executive, operator, or transactor.

not having yet gone through a certain process; not having undergone

economics as a field of study or science; the study of how society manages its scarce resources

an expert who studies or works in the field of economics

deputy general manager or vice president of a company

A professional who acts as a manager or middleman; specifically refers to a broker or a business agent for performers and athletes.

nervous system disorder; neuropathy; disease involving the nerves

honorable; upright; proper; (of a person) following social standards

by accident; casually; without intending to

to go through or experience many times over a long period; to have experienced extensively

A system where the state manages the economy according to a unified plan, typically based on public ownership; contrasted with a [[市场经济|市場經濟|shi4 chang3 jing1 ji4]].

Shows that once a certain step is taken or an action is completed, a specific result will follow; often used with [[就|就|jiu4]] or [[便|便|bian4]] in the following clause.

the monthly physiological cycle of uterine bleeding; period

The collective management methods, organizational forms, and institutions through which a country manages its economic activities.

to engage in trade; to carry out commercial activities; to be a businessman

to undergo or endure, especially hardship, trials, or challenges; to withstand or stand up to

to sell; to deal in; to distribute or sell on commission

The authority to manage a business or its assets; managerial power and control over operations.

to go by way of; to pass through a place on a journey

the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system; also called [[神经细胞|神經細胞|shen2 jing1 xi4 bao1]] or [[神经原|神經原|shen2 jing1 yuan2]]

Describing someone who is nervous, on edge, or overly sensitive

to be able to endure or stand up to something

An area within a country or region that operates under special economic laws and management systems to attract foreign investment and technology.

to have had the experience of something or to possess relevant experience

the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body; it includes the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

To experience something many times; to go through numerous rounds of setbacks, changes, or revisions.

A type of economy where the means of production are owned by the state; in a socialist context, it refers to an economy owned by the whole people and plays a leading role in economic development.

To be unable to bear, withstand, or resist something. Same as [[禁不起|禁不起|jin1 bu5 qi3]].