a scholarly tradition emerging after the Song Dynasty that combined the study of classics with contemporary political and economic issues, advocating that learning should solve social problems

To manage the affairs of the state and provide for the well-being of the people

the title of a classic Chinese philosophical and cosmological work by the Northern Song dynasty philosopher Shao Yong, which outlines a system of historical cycles and universal chronology

Talent or ability for governing a country and managing national affairs; great statesmanship

experienced in the ways of the world; having seen much of life and its changes