The Meiji Restoration, a period of rapid modernization and political reform in Japan beginning in 1868 under Emperor [[明治|明治|ming2 zhi4]]

the reformist faction; political reformers

A failed attempt at political and social reform in late 1898 under the Qing dynasty, lasting 103 days before it was suppressed by Empress Dowager Cixi and the conservative faction; also known as the [[戊戌变法|戊戌變法|wu4 xu1 bian4 fa3]].

everyone participates in reforms; to replace the old with the new and start afresh

Hundred Days Reform of 1898; a failed 103-day political and educational reform movement during the late Qing dynasty

Hundred Days Reform (1898); a failed attempt to modernize the government and social systems of the Qing dynasty.