quē​fá HSK5

lack

quē be short of, lack

Original meaning: damaged object

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound.

Components

Meaning component
fǒu pottery
Change in meaning
hints at the original meaning of , "damaged object", which is no longer the most common meaning of in modern Mandarin.
Sound component
guài, jué parted
Change in sound

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartkhwetNə-[k]ʷʰˤet break; defective

說文解字

《說文》:“缺,器破也。从缶,決省聲。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica

lack

Original meaning: crooked

Derived from , but with the line on top slanted to indicate "crooked (i.e. not straight)". The meaning later shifted to "lack".

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Late Warring States ~250 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Component uses

Sound (1 of 4 verified)

Meaning (0 of 2 verified)

Unknown (0 of 1 verified)

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartbjop[b](r)[o]p lack (v.)

說文解字

《說文》:“乏,《春秋傳》曰:‘反正為乏。’”

Sources

Character origin
季旭昇《說文新證》p.121
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica