meaning; sense; the idea or message expressed by language or symbols

social system based on public ownership of the means of production, often regarded as the first stage of [[共产主义|共產主義|gong4 chan3 zhu3 yi4]]

a systematic theory, school of thought, or social or political system

a social or moral responsibility one is expected to fulfill

An economic and social system based on private ownership of the means of production and the creation of value through wage labor

justice or righteousness; fair and righteous

to provide a precise statement of the meaning or nature of something

The name, capacity, or position in which something is done; an ostensible purpose or reason

The system of political and economic theories founded by [[马克思|馬克思|ma3 ke4 si1]] and [[恩格斯|恩格斯|en1 ge2 si1]]; it includes Marxist philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialism.

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy, economic force, or military strength; also refers to the highest stage of capitalism in Marxist theory.

American imperialism; US imperialism; a term used in political contexts to refer to the expansionism or hegemony of the United States

meaning; implication; connotation; the implied meaning or hint contained within a word or phrase

Social system and stage of human development characterized by common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes; political and economic ideology or doctrine established by [[马克思|馬克思|ma3 ke4 si1]] and [[恩格斯|恩格斯|en1 ge2 si1]]

Education that children and teenagers are required by law to receive and which the state, society, and family must provide.

Ideological trend in the socialist movement that seeks to alter or reject core principles of Marxism; specifically the gradualist reform theories proposed by Eduard Bernstein.

the belief in loyalty and love for one's own country; political ideology that prioritizes national interests

Marxism-Leninism, the ideological union of Marxism and Leninism; often abbreviated as [[马列主义|馬列主義|ma3 lie4 zhu3 yi4]]

to stage an uprising; to revolt for a just cause or against an oppressive government; insurrection

terrorism; the use of violence, such as bombings or hijackings, to achieve political aims

racism; ethnocentrism; a belief or theory that inherent differences in human races determine individual or cultural achievement, often used to justify the rule of one race over others

(idiom) to do boldly what is righteous; to step in and help when encountering a critical situation; from the Analects [[论语|論語|lun2 yu3]]

Zunyi, a prefecture-level city in Guizhou Province

the broad sense or general meaning of a term; a generalization. Used in contrast with [[狭义|狹義|xia2 yi4]].

The core political ideology of the Soviet Union based on the theories of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin.

humanitarianism; humanism; a philosophy that values human life and emphasizes equality, mutual aid, and the universal happiness of all people

Yiwu, a county-level city in Zhejiang Province, located within the prefecture-level city of Jinhua

meaning of a word, phrase, or text; semantics

bureaucratism; a leadership or work style detached from reality and the people, often marked by self-interest and arbitrary decision-making

Political ideology or policy of placing a country under military control and subordinating all aspects of national life to the goals of military aggression and war; characterized by internal oppression and external expansion.

colonialism; the policy of a powerful nation extending its control over weaker countries or territories for exploitation

A practical way of thinking or acting based on objective facts and actual circumstances rather than ideals.

morality and justice; righteousness

religious doctrine; creed; teachings

democracy as a political ideology; democratism

materialism; the philosophical doctrine that physical matter is the primary reality and that consciousness is a product of matter; opposed to [[唯心主义|唯心主義|wei2 xin1 zhu3 yi4]]

(idiom) honor does not allow one to look back; to be duty-bound to move forward and never retreat from what is right

nationalism; national self-determination; the principle of organizing a single state based on a shared ethnic or national identity

An approach that prioritizes outward appearance, procedure, or form while ignoring the actual content, substance, or spirit; going through the motions.

A classic 14th-century historical novel attributed to [[罗贯中|羅貫中|luo2 guan4 zhong1]] and one of the [[四大名著|四大名著|si4 da4 ming2 zhu4]]; it provides a fictional account of the power struggles during the late Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period.

spirit of personal loyalty and self-sacrifice; code of brotherhood where one takes risks or sacrifices interests for the sake of justice or friendship

the belief that emphasizes the autonomy and importance of the individual over authority or the group

to forget favors and violate justice; to be ungrateful to a benefactor or to act against their interests

sale of goods, such as a jumble sale or bazaar, where the proceeds are donated to a public welfare or justice cause

to be duty-bound or morally obligated to act; to be something that one cannot shirk without dishonor

A political and social ideology that advocates for individual liberty, free competition, and limited government interference in private life and the economy

to define for oneself; to customize; user-defined

a restricted or narrow definition of a term, as opposed to its [[广义|廣義|guang3 yi4]]

in name only; according to the official title or status rather than the actual situation

The principle of prioritizing the collective interests of the community or group over individual interests; a fundamental tenet of socialist and communist ethics that opposes selfishness while still respecting personal development.