- 老 adjectiveoldold; aged; (of people) venerable
- 而 particleconjunction[adverbial linker]Connects an adverb-like description to the following verb to show the manner, cause, or basis of an action.
- 益 adverbmoreincreasingly; more; all the more; used to indicate a deepening degree
- 壮 壯 adjectivestrongstrong; robust; sturdy