胶囊
jiāo​náng HSK7

capsule

胶 jiāo glue Simplified

Tendons that connect 交 muscles ⺼; 交 also provides the pronunciation

Components

⺼
⺼ Meaning component
ròu meat, flesh
交
交 SoundMeaning component
jiāo to cross, to mix

Historical Pronunciations

Old Chinese
Zhengzhangɡreːw

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Zhengzhang Shangfang

囊 náng, nāng bag

Phonosemantic compound. 襄 represents the sound and 橐 represents the meaning.

Components

橐
橐 IconicRemnant component
tuó, dù, luò a sack

Depicts a tied bag with a bottom.

襄
襄 SoundRemnant component
xiāng aid
Change in sound

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Component uses

Sound (2 of 4 verified)

囔馕攮饢

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartnangnˤaŋ sack, bag

說文解字

《說文》：“囊，橐也。从省，襄省聲。”

Sources

Character origin
裘錫圭 "Chinese Writing" p.240-241李学勤《字源》p.557-558
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

膠 jiāo glue Traditional

Components

⺼
⺼ Meaning component
ròu meat, flesh

flesh

翏
翏 Sound component
liù, lù to sweep away, to remove

Character Evolution

Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-Sagartkæw[k]ˤriwglue
kæwX[k]ˤriwʔglue
Zhengzhangkrɯːw
krɯːws
kʰrɯːw
Unicodegau

說文解字

昵也。作之以皮。从肉翏聲。

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-SagartZhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica
Etymology
Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)