naturally; certainly; of course; indicates that a situation is to be expected or follows a logic of its own

to be; to correspond to; connects a subject to its identification, characterization, or identity

from; since; used in formal or written contexts to indicate a starting point in time or space

(literary) this; that; such; used as a demonstrative to refer back to what was just mentioned

(bound form) self; oneself; one's own; refers to an action done by oneself or to oneself

right; true; just; often used in contrast with 非 fēi