kǔ​tou

suffering

kǔ​tou suffering

  1. noun
    hardship
    suffering; pain; a difficult or miserable situation or circumstance
  2. [noun suffix]
    suffix attached to verbs or adjectives to form nouns, often indicating a specific quality or worthiness

kǔ​tou bitter taste

  1. adjective
    bitter
    having a sharp, pungent taste like that of coffee or unsweetened cocoa; the opposite of tián
  2. [noun suffix]
    suffix attached to verbs or adjectives to form nouns, often indicating a specific quality or worthiness