uncivilized; barbaric; describing a primitive state of human society

overbearing; arbitrary; rude and unreasonable; violent and unreasonable

cunning and unreasonable; obstinate and unruly in behavior

savage, wild, and uncivilized; used to describe ancient times or the living conditions of early humans

(derogatory) an old term used by people from northern China to refer to people from the south or ethnic groups outside central China

to act recklessly or precipitously without considering the consequences; to be foolhardy or headstrong

a general term used in ancient times for non-Han ethnic groups living outside the central regions of China; sometimes refers specifically to groups in the south

barbarian tribes; uncivilized or primitive people

totally unreasonable and behaving atrociously; to be crude and refuse to listen to reason

(idiom) to pester someone endlessly; to be unreasonable and cause trouble; to harass or annoy someone persistently without justification

arbitrary; acting in a way that is both rude and lacking in any reason

rude, harsh, and unreasonable; perverse or peremptory in behavior

sheer animal strength or ferocity; physical power used in a clumsy or reckless way

to pester unconscionably; to bother someone endlessly or unreasonably

rude and violent; fierce and reckless

(literary) collective name for non-Chinese ethnic groups living in all four directions in ancient times; all kinds of barbarians

A central Asian group (possibly Turkic or Mongolic) of western Mongolia that was defeated by Genghis Khan; also the Mongol word for "eight".

Viking or Norse person; a northern barbarian, historically used to refer to people from Scandinavia known for seafaring and raiding

(historical) A collective term used in ancient China for various non-Han ethnic groups residing in the south

(derogatory) southern barbarian; person from the south

ancient name for the state of Chu [[楚|楚|chu3]] during the Zhou Dynasty

(proper noun) The "Book of Southern Barbarians", a ten-volume historical and geographic work by Fan Chuo of the Tang Dynasty detailing the ethnic groups, customs, and geography of the Nanzhao state; the current version was reconstructed from the [[永乐大典|永樂大典|yong3 le4 da4 dian3]] after the original was lost.

(historical) a term formerly used to refer to ethnic minorities in southern China

to act rashly or headstrong without regard for consequences

sheer animal strength; brute force

reckless bravery; foolhardiness; derring-do

rough and reckless yet simple and honest

a stubborn or unreasonable person

recalcitrant; obstreperous; stubborn

mythical birds with only one eye and one wing that must fly in pairs, symbolizing inseparable couples

A struggle or conflict over trivial matters; a death struggle over something small or insignificant.

petty conflict over trivial matters; a struggle between tiny factions like that between the mythical kingdoms on the horns of a snail

(literary) southern and northern tribes; often used as a general term for uncivilized peoples from all directions

(historical) residence or hostel for foreign emissaries in the capital; mission for non-Chinese representatives from the south or west

(literary) a remote village or settlement inhabited by ethnic minorities

constant bickering and fighting; constantly being at each other's throats or struggling for personal gain

barbarian; uncivilized person