a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained; doctrine

Regardless of; no matter what, how, or whether; used to show that a result is the same under any conditions. Same as [[不管|不管|bu4 guan3]].

to discuss; to talk over; to exchange views on a problem

a comment, review, or piece of commentary

a place or platform for public discussion, such as a newspaper column, meeting, or online community website

to discuss; to talk about; to converse and comment on express opinions on a topic

conclusion; verdict; final judgment reached after investigation or logical reasoning

in any case; at any rate; no matter what; by all possible means

Used in the [[不论|不論|bu4 lun4]] ... [[都|都|dou1]] or [[也|也|ye3]] pattern to mean no matter what, who, or how; regardless of whether something happens or not.

thesis; dissertation; treatise; an article that systematically discusses or explores a specific topic

The collective opinion or general views of the public; general consensus or popular discussion

to argue, debate, or dispute; to contend over different opinions

to expound and prove; to demonstrate a point through argument or evidence

the expression of views or opinions, especially regarding political or public matters, or the act of public discussion

formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or legislative assembly

to discuss or expound on a topic; to explain an argument in a systematic way

to talk about; to comment on; to exchange views on people or events

article in a newspaper or magazine that expresses the official opinion or position of the publisher; commentary on current events

A final conclusion or an accepted argument; an established and unchangeable judgment.

A person who writes or delivers commentary for news media like newspapers, radio, or television; often used as a collective pen name for editorial articles.

critic; reviewer

The theoretical study or system of methods used in a particular field of study or activity.

a meeting, seminar, or forum for discussion

To make a judgment or conclusion based on reasoning and analysis; to infer.

The Confucian Analects; a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to [[孔子|孔子|kong3 zi3]] and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been compiled and written by his followers. It is one of the foundational texts of Confucianism.

to discuss or treat two different things as being on the same level; often used in negative sentences or rhetorical questions to suggest that such a comparison is inappropriate

point of view expressed or defended in a discussion; thesis; line of reasoning

to infer; to deduce; to reasoning based on facts or evidence

absurd theory; misconception or spurious argument

theory of knowledge; the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature, origins, and limits of human knowledge

an argument or point of view, often used with a negative or critical tone

to give rise to much discussion; widespread comment; tongues are wagging

To reach a final decision or judgment; to arrive at a conclusion.

atheism; the theory or belief that denies the existence of gods or ghosts

an introduction or survey of a subject; a general discussion of the main points or principles of a field of study, often used in book titles

A long-winded piece of writing or a tedious speech; often used in a negative sense to describe a tirade or a harangue

The right to express opinions and ideas without interference or censorship; free speech

A scholarly work, study, or book focusing on academic theory and research

at any time; regardless of the time; no matter when

reasons, facts, or evidence used to support a claim or point of view

A statement or proposition that contradicts itself; especially in the context of formal logic.

The branch of philosophy that studies the nature of being and existence; in Taiwan, it is also frequently referred to as [[存有学|存有學|cun2 you3 xue2]]

to engage in, or an instance of, fierce debate or contention over political, academic, or philosophical viewpoints

graduation thesis; dissertation; a final paper written by graduating students to demonstrate their research and learning in their major field

theorist; theoretician; doctrinaire; an expert who engages in theoretical research or uses a system of ideas to solve practical problems

theory of relativity; relativistic physics. Developed by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century, it changed the understanding of space, time, and gravity, forming the basis of modern physics. It includes both [[狭义相对论|狹義相對論|xia2 yi4 xiang1 dui4 lun4]] and [[广义相对论|廣義相對論|guang3 yi4 xiang1 dui4 lun4]].

Scientific theory explaining the origin and development of species; specifically the theory of natural selection pioneered by Charles Darwin. Also called [[达尔文主义|達爾文主義|da2 er3 wen2 zhu3 yi4]].

philosophy of materialism; the view that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that mental states are results of material interactions

to debate or argue unceasingly; to carry on a dispute without end