to condemn or strongly criticize; to denounce or upbraid

to blame or reprove oneself; self-recrimination

to reprimand or scold someone

the punishment or wrath of Heaven; divine retribution or imperial displeasure

To vehemently denounce or criticize someone or something in a powerful and intense manner.

to scold, blame, or censure someone

to reprimand; to scold; to denounce

to scold; to reproach; to reprimand

A genre of late-Qing fiction that satirizes and exposes social corruption; the term was originally coined by the writer [[鲁迅|魯迅|lu3 xun4]].

punishment secretly meted out by gods or spirits