disloyalty, especially an intention to betray or revolt

An official who served in a previous dynasty and then accepted a position in the following dynasty; a turncoat.

loyal and single-minded; not having a second heart; showing unwavering devotion to a ruler or cause

(literary) to not commit the same error twice; to avoid repeating a previous mistake

deputy; junior official in a traditional government office

Loyal and faithful, without a change of heart or divided allegiance.

To be disloyal or harbor a treasonous design; to be double-minded.

(literary) to have divided loyalties; to harbor treacherous feelings or be halfhearted; to be disaffected

(literary) to suspect or doubt

to harbor doubts or misgivings because of suspicion, leading to divided loyalty or insincerity

to harbor a rebellious heart; to defect or have divided loyalties

The Second Epistle of John in the New Testament of the Bible.

The "Biographies of Officials who Served Two Dynasties", a twelve-volume historical work commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty. It records biographies of over 120 former Ming dynasty officials who surrendered to the Qing, categorizing them based on their subsequent loyalty and contributions to the new regime.

a different or contrary opinion; a view that disagrees with a previously held position

(literary) an auxiliary or deputy carriage used by an emperor or feudal lord during court ceremonies or sacrifices

an assistant or deputy official, often used in a formal or historical context; (variant form)

imperially commissioned table and biographies of officials who served two dynasties, compiled during the Qing Dynasty to categorize former Ming officials who surrendered to the Manchus

assistant; second; a deputy or secondary official