To clear or open up for use; to build or carve out, such as a road, route, or channel.

to restore a dethroned monarch or old order; to regain power after being overthrown

deep and thorough; clear and penetrating; insightful

To explain the truth of a situation in order to deny or disprove a rumor; to debunk a false report.

to ward off or drive away evil spirits or harmful influences; also written as [[避邪|避邪|bi4 xie2]]

to seek another way or method; to blaze a new trail, often by taking a different route or starting a new style

Referring to the [[盘古|盤古|pan2 gu3]] creation myth; describes the beginning of the world.

To open up a new path for oneself; used to describe originating a new method or creative approach.

to push oneself in one's studies and delve deep into the subtleties of a subject

(literary) capital punishment; the death sentence; one of the five major punishments in ancient China

penetrating and insightful; showing deep understanding

pioneer; groundbreaker; trailblazer

profound and concise; thorough and moving; insightful

The failed attempt to restore the Qing monarchy in July 1917 by general [[张勋|張勳|zhang1 xun1]]

(literary) to issue repeated invitations to virtuous and capable people to join the government service, traditionally done by emperors or high officials

(literary) skilled at flattery and fawning to gain favor; specious

eight categories of privileged individuals who were entitled to special legal consideration under historical Chinese law

To each seek out a different path or method; for individuals or groups to pursue their own ways of development

A 12-day attempt in July 1917 by general [[张勋|張勳|zhang1 xun1]] to restore the abdicated Qing emperor [[溥仪|溥儀|pu3 yi2]] to the throne

(literary) to appoint a commoner to an official position; the term refers to the emperor summoning a candidate (zhēng) or a high official inviting a candidate (pì)

to stand off; to make way

(literary) the sound or appearance of a large, flowing river; flowing water in general

(literary) princes, dukes, and lords of ancient China; the various heads of feudal states

(archaic) the emperor; a title for the Son of Heaven

physical punishment involving injury to the body, such as branding or amputation, used in ancient China

to cut off the feet as a form of ancient punishment

to flee from turmoil or society to live in seclusion

(literary) an official document or summons issued by a government office or the emperor to appoint someone to a position

remote and out-of-the-way; secluded and distant

(literary) to invite a person of high talent or reputation to serve in a government post through recommendation rather than standard exams

to keep a distance in order to avoid conflict; to give way as a sign of respect or to avoid a confrontation

To open up or reclaim land for cultivation; to expand one's territory

To set aside a room for a specific purpose, such as to talk privately or find a quiet place to settle in.

to discuss behind closed doors; to hold a private conversation in a separate room

(variant form) to avoid some things while approaching or choosing others

ancient imperial academy or hall of learning, often surrounded by a circular moat

to open up land for construction; typically used for building houses, roads, or orchards on previously undeveloped land like hills or wilderness

(literary) to summon to court or appoint to a government office; to recruit into service

a solitary buddha who reaches enlightenment on their own through contemplation without the aid of a teacher

(Buddhism) the vehicle of the solitary enlightened ones, one of the three paths to enlightenment

(literary) to recoil or retreat in fear; to force someone back

(variant form) to fast or refrain from eating grain, often as a Daoist practice for spiritual health

to leave or avoid a place in order to escape hearing offensive, evil, or inappropriate words; one of the behaviors of a virtuous person in response to a corrupt environment

(Taoism) to abstain from eating grains as part of a traditional cultivation method to achieve immortality or health; to fast from cereals

The central royal academy of the five established during the Zhou dynasty; later used as a general term for the highest imperial university.

pottery ink slab or ink stone of celadon or white porcelain with an unglazed surface, usually circular and supported by many feet

penetrating and thorough in analysis or observation

penetrating and insightful; to analyze a problem thoroughly and get to the heart of the matter; diligent and profound in study