通敌 Origin — Dong Chinese Dictionary

tōngdí

collaborate

tōng, tòng pass through

Phonosemantic compound. 辶 represents the meaning and 甬 represents the sound.

Components

辶 Meaning component

chuò walk

辶 is a component form of 辵.

甬 Sound component

yǒng, tǒng, dòng path

Character Evolution

Oracle form — Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC

Oracle form — Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Late Western Zhou ~800 BC

Seal form — Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC

Seal form — Seal Shuowen ~100 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Qin 221-206 BC

Clerical form — Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD

Regular Modern

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Component uses

Sound (0 of 1 verified)

Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	thuwng	l̥ˤoŋ	penetrate

說文解字

達也。从辵甬聲。

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)

dí enemy Simplified

Simplified form of 敵. Phonosemantic compound. 攵 represents the meaning and 啻 represents the sound.

Components

舌 Simplified component

shé tongue

Shorthand for the 啻 component in the traditional character 敵.

攵 Meaning component

pū tap

攵 is a component form of 攴.

Sources

Readings & variants: Unicode

dí enemy Traditional

Phonosemantic compound. 攵 represents the meaning and 啻 represents the sound.

Components

啻 Sound component

chì, dì only

Change in sound

敵 and 啻 don't sound similar in modern Mandarin due to historical phonetic changes. They were more similar in Old Chinese.
敵 *[d]ˤek
啻 hljeɡs

攵 Meaning component

pū tap

攵 is a component form of 攴.

Character Evolution

Bronze form — Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC

Bronze form — Bronze Late Spring and Autumn ~500 BC

Seal form — Seal Shuowen ~100 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD

Clerical form — Clerical Three Kingdoms (Cao Wei) 222-280 AD

Regular Modern

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Historical Pronunciations

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Gloss
Baxter-Sagart	dek	[d]ˤek	oppose; enemy

說文解字

《說文》：“敵，仇也。从攴，啻聲。”

Sources

Character origin: 漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants: Unicode
Historical pronunciations: Baxter-Sagart
Historical images: Academia Sinica
Etymology: Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字)