Used in the transliteration of foreign names; also used as an abbreviation for countries like 阿富汗 ā​fù​hàn or 阿尔及利亚 ā'ěr​jí​lì​yà.

(bound form) used in transliterating foreign terms and names, such as 伽利略 jiā​lì​lüè or 瑜伽 yú​jiā

short for 德国 dé​guó

(bound form) used as a phonetic abbreviation for Romania