The Buddha of the Western Paradise, often represented as a primary figure in Pure Land Buddhism; sometimes referred to as [[无量寿佛|無量壽佛|wu2 liang4 shou4 fo2]]

cone-shaped toy that spins on its point, often made of wood and started with a string or whip

(bound form) Putuo, referring to several geographic locations in China including a district in Zhoushan and a district in Shanghai; often used as a short form for [[普陀山|普陀山|pu3 tuo2 shan1]]

A person who has attained enlightenment and reached a state of liberation from suffering, specifically referring to [[释迦牟尼|釋迦牟尼|shi4 jia1 mou2 ni2]]; the title is a phonetic transcription of the Sanskrit word 'buddha' and is often shortened to [[佛|佛|fo2]]

Putuo District, a district in central Shanghai; also a district of Zhoushan city in Zhejiang Province

Mount Putuo in the Zhoushan archipelago of Zhejiang province; one of the Four Sacred Mountains of Buddhism and the site of the enlightenment of [[观音|觀音|guan1 yin1]].

Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory located on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula

(bound form) the Buddha of the Western Paradise; short for [[阿弥陀佛|阿彌陀佛|e1 mi2 tuo2 fo2]]

Pretoria, the administrative capital of South Africa

a device used for measuring the angular movement or velocity of an object

(literary) uneven and rugged stones; (of stones) uneven and rugged

a twisting or tortuous path that winds around

transliterated name of the Bodhisattva of Universal Virtue representing practice and meditation in Mahayana Buddhism

Buddhist verse or hymn, typically composed of four lines and often used in sutras to summarize doctrines

the fourth heaven in the Desire Realm in Buddhist cosmology, inhabited by the bodhisattva who will become the next Buddha

Famous physician of the Eastern Han dynasty, lived approximately 145–208 AD

Like the famous ancient doctor Hua Tuo has returned to life; describes a doctor with superb medical skills or miraculous healing powers; often used as an inscription for the opening of a clinic or hospital

Nanputuo Temple, a famous Buddhist temple located in [[厦门|廈門|xia4 men2]]

Ancient Hindu sacred writings or hymns composed in Sanskrit; also known as [[皮陀|皮陀|pi2 tuo2]], [[毗陀|毗陀|pi2 tuo2]], [[围陀|圍陀|wei2 tuo2]], or [[韦陀|韋陀|wei2 tuo2]]

A deity in Hinduism and Buddhism; originally the Hindu god of thunder and war, later becoming a Buddhist protector god. Also known as [[帝释天|帝釋天|di4 shi4 tian1]].

ancient collection of hymns and religious texts composed in Sanskrit; a phonetic transcription

(Buddhism) ascetic practices, such as wearing rags and begging for food, intended to shake off worldly attachments; or a monk practicing these

litharge; yellow lead monoxide; a chemical compound used in making glass, ceramics, and ointments

(literary or Buddhist context) a site for the disposal of corpses, often referring to a charnel ground or cemetery

The creator god of the [[壮族|壯族|zhuang4 zu2]] ethnic group in southern China.

(variant form) the fourth and lowest caste in the traditional Indian caste system, consisting of manual laborers and servants

Magadha; ancient Indian kingdom known as the birthplace of Buddhism

alternate Chinese transcription for the palace in Lhasa, Tibet

A stringed musical instrument with a pear-shaped body and four pairs of metal strings, played with a plectrum; common in folk music.

A plucked string instrument with a pear-shaped body and four pairs of metal strings, often used to accompany folk dance and singing.

(botany) devil's trumpet or thorn apple, which is a poisonous flowering plant used in traditional medicine; also known as [[山茄子|山茄子|shan1 qie2 zi5]] or [[风茄儿|風茄兒|feng1 qie2 r5]]

stringed musical instrument in the lute family with a pear-shaped body and four pairs of metal strings

Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009), a famous French social anthropologist

the Rigveda, an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns and religious poems

ancient Sanskrit sacred texts or hymns of Hinduism; variant phonetic transcription of Veda

Ancient kingdom in northwest India and Pakistan, centered in the Peshawar Valley, which flourished from the 6th century BCE to the 11th century CE

ancient Indian system of medicine and health care philosophy

ancient scriptures of Hinduism composed in Sanskrit; also written with different characters

the three holy beings of the Western Pure Land in Buddhism, consisting of Amitabha Buddha and his two attendants, Avalokitesvara and Mahasthamaprapta

Amitabha, the Buddha of infinite light and life in Pure Land Buddhism

A key Buddhist text translated into Chinese by Kumarajiva; it describes the Western Pure Land of [[阿弥陀佛|阿彌陀佛|e1 mi2 tuo2 fo2]] and is one of the three foundational sutras of Pure Land Buddhism.

ancient Indian system of medicine and holistic health care philosophy

Ananda, the cousin and close disciple of the Buddha; one of the ten great disciples known for his exceptional memory and for reciting the Buddha's teachings after his death.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881), Russian novelist and author of [[罪与罚|罪與罰|zui4 yu3 fa2]]

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881), Russian novelist known for works including [[罪与罚|罪與罰|zui4 yu3 fa2]] and [[白痴|白痴|bai2 chi1]]

(bound form) Sanskrit incantation or religious chant used in Buddhism to aid memory and promote virtue; translated into Chinese as [[总持|總持|zong3 chi2]]

(literary) uneven; sloping (of land); craggy or winding (of hills)

ancient collection of Hindu scriptures; name used in historical Chinese contexts for the Sanskrit Vedic texts