lì​yǔ

servants

subservient Simplified

Original meaning: catch from behind

Depicts a hand () grabbing a tail () from behind. Based on the original meaning "catch from behind", now written as . In simplified Chinese is also used to mean "subservient", while in traditional Chinese this meaning is written with a separate character .

Components

Iconic component
yòu hand
Change in form
Due to historical stylistic changes, this component is less similar to than it was in ancient scripts.
Iconic component
wěi tail

Derived from the pictographic form of (tail).

Change in form
Due to historical stylistic changes, this component is less similar to than it was in ancient scripts.

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Late Spring and Autumn ~500 BC
Seal form
Seal Warring States (Chu) 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Regular Modern

Component uses

Sound (1 of 3 verified)

Meaning (2)

Iconic (1)

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartdojHm-rˤəp-s reach to

說文解字

《說文》:“隶,及也。从又,从省。又持者,从後及之也。”

Sources

Character origin
季旭昇《說文新證》p.221-222
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica

stable

Components

Meaning component
wéi, guó surround

enclosure

Sound component
xìng fortunate

Character Evolution

Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Oracle form
Oracle Bone ~1250-1000 BC
Bronze form
Bronze Mid Western Zhou ~900 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartngjoXm-qʰ<r>aʔprison; keep in enclosure
Zhengzhangŋaʔ
Unicodengiǔ

說文解字

囹圄,所以拘罪人。从㚔从囗。一曰圉,垂也。一曰圉人,掌馬者。

Sources

Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-SagartZhengzhang Shangfang
Historical images
Academia Sinica

subservient Traditional

Phonosemantic compound. represents the sound and represents the meaning.

Components

Sound component
nài crab-apple tree
Change in sound
Meaning component
subservient

Character Evolution

Bronze form
Bronze Warring States 475-221 BC
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Seal form
Seal Shuowen ~100 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Qin 221-206 BC
Clerical form
Clerical Western Han 202 BC-9 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Clerical form
Clerical Eastern Han 25-220 AD
Regular Modern

Historical Pronunciations

Middle ChineseOld ChineseGloss
Baxter-SagartlejH[r]ˤə[p]-s subordinate

說文解字

《說文》:“隸,附箸也。从隶,柰聲。,篆文隸从古文之體。”

Sources

Character origin
漢語多功能字庫
Readings & variants
Unicode
Historical pronunciations
Baxter-Sagart
Historical images
Academia Sinica