{"type":"character","character":{"character":"鞠","codepoint":"U+97A0","gloss":"bow","iconicGloss":null,"hint":null,"originalMeaning":null,"strokeCountSimp":17,"strokeCountTrad":17,"isVerified":null,"components":[{"hint":"leather","type":["meaning"],"character":"革","pinyin":["gé"],"gloss":"leather","iconicGloss":null},{"type":["sound"],"character":"匊","pinyin":["jū"],"gloss":"handful","iconicGloss":null}],"customSources":null,"simplifiedVariants":null,"traditionalVariants":null,"variantOf":null,"junDaRank":3037,"junDaFrequency":1821,"junDaPerMillion":9.41065730221685,"subtlexRank":2882,"subtlexCount":195,"subtlexPerMillion":4.16,"subtlexContextDiversity":119,"hsk2Level":6,"hsk3Level":7,"strokeDataSimp":{"source":"animcjk","medians":[[[121,621],[496,677]],[[214,754],[255,714],[268,518]],[[380,821],[416,782],[374,581]],[[291,540],[415,559]],[[157,437],[184,413],[216,295]],[[206,435],[413,475],[444,441],[410,380]],[[231,313],[455,359]],[[89,199],[145,190],[450,247]],[[291,526],[316,497],[313,-2]],[[616,810],[654,752],[496,518]],[[581,575],[813,619],[876,576],[855,248],[820,86],[766,23],[671,75]],[[512,434],[558,373]],[[725,514],[742,477],[676,412]],[[446,315],[762,361]],[[588,504],[625,462],[616,51]],[[598,308],[541,221],[423,132]],[[673,264],[763,172]]],"strokes":["M410,651Q452,658 491,665Q498,664 506,675Q507,684 488,692Q467,707 420,693C389,684 389,684 374,679Q320,667 280,654C254,649 254,649 241,646Q232,646 127,627Q103,623 122,610Q144,594 186,601Q213,608 246,615C269,620 269,620 281,623Q321,635 370,643C397,648 397,648 410,651Z","M280,654Q280,741 279,743Q276,744 276,745Q264,754 242,762Q226,766 209,758Q200,751 212,740Q230,722 241,646C244,625 244,625 246,615Q256,528 263,516Q267,509 274,514Q278,518 281,532C282,549 282,549 283,557Q283,600 281,623C280,644 280,644 280,654Z","M394,581Q401,618 410,651C417,679 417,679 420,693Q432,757 448,781Q452,790 438,803Q413,822 395,828Q383,832 376,827Q369,821 374,809Q384,787 384,773Q380,728 374,679C371,655 371,655 370,643Q364,613 359,580C357,569 392,570 394,581Z","M318,536Q363,545 411,551Q421,552 421,558Q421,565 405,576Q399,579 394,581C383,585 370,584 359,580Q332,570 312,564Q296,561 283,557C247,550 282,529 318,536Z","M198,439Q188,443 163,448Q153,449 150,446Q146,440 153,427Q172,390 187,328Q191,309 202,297Q218,279 222,293Q223,299 224,306C226,316 223,325 221,335Q212,393 210,413C208,422 207,435 198,439Z","M436,379Q457,428 477,438Q490,454 478,468Q465,478 423,497Q408,504 336,474C308,465 308,465 294,461Q245,451 198,439C189,437 201,409 210,413Q240,423 294,434C321,441 321,441 334,444Q353,450 375,455Q394,459 402,453Q408,447 406,436Q400,405 393,380C390,366 431,366 436,379Z","M331,328Q379,338 451,349Q460,350 461,358Q461,365 436,379C424,386 407,385 393,380Q359,371 332,362C307,355 307,355 294,352Q255,343 221,335C211,333 214,306 224,306Q231,305 241,307Q262,314 293,320C318,325 318,325 331,328Z","M331,212Q380,224 442,232Q457,235 458,242Q459,254 442,262Q417,272 395,268Q358,261 330,252C303,246 303,246 289,243Q148,215 100,209Q88,208 85,200Q82,190 97,179Q131,155 190,173Q242,191 286,201C316,208 316,208 331,212Z","M330,252Q330,292 331,328C332,351 332,351 332,362Q332,410 334,444C335,464 335,464 336,474Q337,493 340,505Q343,517 336,522Q326,529 318,536C308,544 276,544 281,532Q287,523 294,461C294,443 294,443 294,434Q294,398 294,352C293,331 293,331 293,320Q293,316 289,243C287,215 287,215 286,201Q270,69 278,49Q282,30 294,14Q304,-2 311,-6Q321,-7 326,4Q336,32 334,60Q331,139 331,212C330,239 330,239 330,252Z","M584,590Q585,594 591,599Q625,639 662,702Q678,730 692,745Q699,755 695,768Q691,780 663,799Q638,815 619,814Q603,811 611,791Q638,734 501,533Q492,523 490,517Q487,507 500,510Q513,513 571,573C580,584 580,584 584,590Z","M571,573Q602,558 646,568Q778,605 808,596Q812,595 816,590Q835,568 836,518Q840,358 827,255Q802,93 770,75Q766,72 679,83Q669,84 666,81Q663,74 680,62Q720,28 741,-5Q760,-35 778,-29Q827,-16 864,113Q886,198 896,477Q897,549 916,573Q932,592 911,609Q838,657 783,632Q686,607 584,590C577,589 564,576 571,573Z","M507,423Q538,371 554,368Q563,365 570,378Q571,388 568,403Q559,422 513,442Q507,443 505,436Q504,430 507,423Z","M712,481Q699,454 671,413Q667,409 671,403Q677,403 682,407Q737,453 765,470Q778,474 774,482Q770,492 754,505Q739,517 723,517Q713,516 715,502Q716,492 712,481Z","M642,325Q652,329 755,345Q762,344 770,355Q771,364 752,372Q728,390 647,362Q644,362 643,361C616,354 616,354 602,350Q578,346 451,323Q427,319 446,306Q470,288 507,296Q541,305 585,312C623,321 623,321 642,325Z","M602,266Q602,176 590,132Q581,105 601,60Q605,47 611,45Q615,41 621,46Q642,67 640,104Q639,128 642,325C643,349 643,349 643,361Q643,419 654,454Q664,473 643,487Q631,496 613,506Q597,518 582,507Q578,503 583,492Q598,468 603,380Q603,376 602,350C602,294 602,294 602,266Z","M585,312Q545,228 419,135Q409,126 416,125Q423,121 431,125Q506,146 602,266C628,301 604,351 585,312Z","M672,250Q702,222 738,181Q748,168 758,164Q764,163 768,170Q777,179 769,207Q763,234 718,253Q690,266 673,271Q667,274 666,266Q665,257 672,250Z"]},"strokeDataTrad":{"source":"dong","medians":[[[123,619],[176,617],[235,628],[434,677],[497,676]],[[216,750],[234,744],[252,726],[270,521]],[[384,818],[414,783],[382,606],[365,587]],[[287,538],[296,547],[358,562],[389,565],[413,559]],[[157,441],[186,410],[212,297]],[[206,435],[223,431],[311,451],[373,473],[415,474],[440,451],[422,402],[400,385]],[[228,314],[245,325],[389,359],[435,363],[453,357]],[[96,196],[145,190],[378,244],[415,249],[448,245]],[[287,531],[311,511],[315,485],[304,120],[313,4]],[[621,800],[651,766],[646,739],[587,628],[550,575],[498,517]],[[579,574],[809,618],[837,610],[870,582],[857,265],[841,159],[823,91],[797,45],[776,28],[673,78]],[[515,431],[546,401],[557,381]],[[725,507],[737,490],[737,480],[675,408]],[[447,315],[482,310],[701,357],[761,356]],[[593,500],[622,467],[625,455],[615,55]],[[599,310],[591,302],[582,268],[544,223],[485,168],[424,128]],[[674,263],[738,215],[753,195],[758,175]]],"strokes":["M 410 651 Q 452 658 491 665 Q 498 664 506 675 Q 507 684 488 692 Q 467 707 420 693 L 374 679 Q 320 667 280 654 L 241 646 Q 232 646 127 627 Q 103 623 122 610 Q 144 594 186 601 Q 213 608 246 615 L 281 623 Q 321 635 370 643 L 410 651 Z","M 280 654 Q 280 741 279 743 Q 276 744 276 745 Q 264 754 242 762 Q 226 766 209 758 Q 200 751 212 740 Q 230 722 241 646 L 246 615 Q 256 528 263 516 Q 267 509 274 514 Q 278 518 281 532 L 283 557 Q 283 600 281 623 L 280 654 Z","M 394 581 Q 401 618 410 651 L 420 693 Q 432 757 448 781 Q 452 790 438 803 Q 413 822 395 828 Q 383 832 376 827 Q 369 821 374 809 Q 384 787 384 773 Q 380 728 374 679 L 370 643 Q 364 613 359 580 C 354 550 388 552 394 581 Z","M 318 536 Q 363 545 411 551 Q 421 552 421 558 Q 421 565 405 576 Q 399 579 394 581 C 379 587 379 587 359 580 Q 332 570 312 564 Q 296 561 283 557 C 249 547 267 526 318 536 Z","M 198 439 Q 188 443 163 448 Q 153 449 150 446 Q 146 440 153 427 Q 172 390 187 328 Q 191 309 202 297 Q 218 279 222 293 Q 223 299 224 306 L 221 335 Q 212 393 210 413 C 208 436 208 436 198 439 Z","M 436 379 Q 457 428 477 438 Q 490 454 478 468 Q 465 478 423 497 Q 408 504 336 474 L 294 461 Q 245 451 198 439 C 169 432 181 404 210 413 Q 240 423 294 434 L 334 444 Q 353 450 375 455 Q 394 459 402 453 Q 408 447 406 436 Q 400 405 393 380 C 385 351 424 352 436 379 Z","M 331 328 Q 379 338 451 349 Q 460 350 461 358 Q 461 365 436 379 C 421 388 421 388 393 380 Q 359 371 332 362 L 294 352 Q 255 343 221 335 C 192 328 194 307 224 306 Q 231 305 241 307 Q 262 314 293 320 L 331 328 Z","M 331 212 Q 380 224 442 232 Q 457 235 458 242 Q 459 254 442 262 Q 417 272 395 268 Q 358 261 330 252 L 289 243 Q 148 215 100 209 Q 88 208 85 200 Q 82 190 97 179 Q 131 155 190 173 Q 242 191 286 201 L 331 212 Z","M 330 252 Q 330 292 331 328 L 332 362 Q 332 410 334 444 L 336 474 Q 337 493 340 505 Q 343 517 336 522 Q 326 529 318 536 C 295 555 272 561 281 532 Q 287 523 294 461 L 294 434 Q 294 398 294 352 L 293 320 Q 293 316 289 243 L 286 201 Q 270 69 278 49 Q 282 30 294 14 Q 304 -2 311 -6 Q 321 -7 326 4 Q 336 32 334 60 Q 331 139 331 212 L 330 252 Z","M 584 590 Q 585 594 591 599 Q 625 639 662 702 Q 678 730 692 745 Q 699 755 695 768 Q 691 780 663 799 Q 638 815 619 814 Q 603 811 611 791 Q 638 734 501 533 Q 492 523 490 517 Q 487 507 500 510 Q 513 513 571 573 L 584 590 Z","M 571 573 Q 602 558 646 568 Q 778 605 808 596 Q 812 595 816 590 Q 835 568 836 518 Q 840 358 827 255 Q 802 93 770 75 Q 766 72 679 83 Q 669 84 666 81 Q 663 74 680 62 Q 720 28 741 -5 Q 760 -35 778 -29 Q 827 -16 864 113 Q 886 198 896 477 Q 897 549 916 573 Q 932 592 911 609 Q 838 657 783 632 Q 686 607 584 590 C 554 585 542 581 571 573 Z","M 507 423 Q 538 371 554 368 Q 563 365 570 378 Q 571 388 568 403 Q 559 422 513 442 Q 507 443 505 436 Q 504 430 507 423 Z","M 712 481 Q 699 454 671 413 Q 667 409 671 403 Q 677 403 682 407 Q 737 453 765 470 Q 778 474 774 482 Q 770 492 754 505 Q 739 517 723 517 Q 713 516 715 502 Q 716 492 712 481 Z","M 642 325 Q 652 329 755 345 Q 762 344 770 355 Q 771 364 752 372 Q 728 390 647 362 Q 644 362 643 361 L 602 350 Q 578 346 451 323 Q 427 319 446 306 Q 470 288 507 296 Q 541 305 585 312 L 642 325 Z","M 602 266 Q 602 176 590 132 Q 581 105 601 60 Q 605 47 611 45 Q 615 41 621 46 Q 642 67 640 104 Q 639 128 642 325 L 643 361 Q 643 419 654 454 Q 664 473 643 487 Q 631 496 613 506 Q 597 518 582 507 Q 578 503 583 492 Q 598 468 603 380 Q 603 376 602 350 L 602 266 Z","M 585 312 Q 545 228 419 135 Q 409 126 416 125 Q 423 121 431 125 Q 506 146 602 266 C 646 320 598 339 585 312 Z","M 672 250 Q 702 222 738 181 Q 748 168 758 164 Q 764 163 768 170 Q 777 179 769 207 Q 763 234 718 253 Q 690 266 673 271 Q 667 274 666 266 Q 665 257 672 250 Z"]},"fragmentsSimp":[[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]],"fragmentsTrad":null,"historicalImages":[{"era":"Shuowen (~100 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E9%9E%A0_0.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"說文‧革部"},{"era":"Shuowen (~100 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E9%9E%A0_1.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"說文或體"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E9%9E%A0_2.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"居延簡甲79(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E9%9E%A0_3.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"景北海碑陰(隸)東漢"}],"historicalPronunciations":[{"source":"zhengzhang","oldChinese":"kuɡ","rhymeGroup":"覺","phoneticSeries":"匊"},{"source":"zhengzhang","oldChinese":"kʰuɡ","rhymeGroup":"覺","phoneticSeries":"匊"},{"notes":"後世變毬","source":"zhengzhang","oldChinese":"ɡuɡ","rhymeGroup":"覺","phoneticSeries":"匊"},{"source":"tang","middleChinese":"giuk"}],"shuowenExplanation":"蹋鞠也。从革匊聲。","shuowenPronunciation":"居六切","shuowenPinyin":"ju","pinyinFrequencies":[{"count":22,"pinyin":"jū"}],"pinyin":["jū"]},"componentUses":[],"commonWords":[{"simplified":"鞠躬","traditional":"鞠躬","pinyin":"ju1 gong1","gloss":"bow","definition":"to bow as a formal gesture of respect, gratitude, or apology","perMillion":4.2},{"simplified":"鞠","traditional":"鞠","pinyin":"ju1","gloss":"bow","definition":"to incline one's torso; to bow","perMillion":2.05278052585664},{"simplified":"鞠躬尽瘁","traditional":"鞠躬盡瘁","pinyin":"ju1 gong1 jin4 cui4","gloss":"striving to the utmost","definition":"to bend to a task and spare no effort; striving to the utmost","perMillion":0.703256583256604},{"simplified":"蹴鞠","traditional":"蹴鞠","pinyin":"cu4 ju1","gloss":"cuju","definition":"cuju, ancient Chinese football (soccer)","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"鞠躬尽力","traditional":"鞠躬盡力","pinyin":"ju1 gong1 jin4 li4","gloss":"striving to utmost","definition":"To bend to a task and spare no effort; to strive to the utmost.","perMillion":0},{"simplified":"鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已","traditional":"鞠躬盡瘁，死而後已","pinyin":"ju1 gong1 jin4 cui4 , si3 er2 hou4 yi3","gloss":"devoted unto death","definition":"To dedicate oneself heart and soul to a task and work tirelessly until the day one dies.","perMillion":0}],"deletedComponentGlyphs":null,"wordData":{"simplified":"鞠","traditional":"鞠","senses":[{"id":539867,"simplified":"鞠","traditional":"鞠","pinyin":"ju1","gloss":"bow","definition":"to incline one's torso; to bow","example":"他向观众深深地鞠了一躬。","variantPinyin":["ju2"],"posTags":["Vg"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"他向观众深深地鞠了一躬。"},{"id":539868,"simplified":"鞠","traditional":"鞠","pinyin":"ju1","gloss":"leather ball","definition":"a leather ball used in ancient times","example":"蹴鞠是中国古代的一种球类运动。","variantPinyin":["ju2"],"posTags":["n"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"蹴鞠是中国古代的一种球类运动。"},{"id":539869,"simplified":"鞠","traditional":"鞠","pinyin":"ju1","gloss":"rear","definition":"(literary) to bring up; to nurture","example":"鞠育之恩，终生难忘。","variantPinyin":["ju2"],"posTags":["v"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"鞠育之恩，终生难忘。"},{"id":539870,"simplified":"鞠","traditional":"鞠","pinyin":"Ju1","gloss":"Ju","definition":"surname Ju","example":"鞠先生是这家公司的创始人。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["nr"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"鞠先生是这家公司的创始人。"}],"references":[{"id":8155,"sourceSimplified":"躹","sourceTraditional":"躹","sourcePinyin":"ju1","targetSimplified":"鞠","targetTraditional":"鞠","targetPinyin":"ju1","type":"variant","source":"cedict"}],"frequency":{"subtlexPerMillion":1.1,"subtlexContextDiversityPct":0,"bccPerMillion":2.052780525856637}}}

	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese
Zhengzhang		kuɡ
		kʰuɡ
		ɡuɡ
Unicode	giuk

Components

Character Evolution

Historical Pronunciations

說文解字

Sources