- 牛头马面 niútóumǎmiàn devils in animal formsAttendants of the king of hell in Buddhist mythology; one has the head of an ox and the other the face of a horse.
- 牛头不对马面 niútóubùduìmǎmiàn incongruousox's head doesn't match horse's face; inconsistent or irrelevant to the point at hand
- 马面战棚 mǎmiànzhànpéng bastiondefensive structure projecting from a city wall to provide flanking fire against attackers