- 高山流水 gāoshānliúshuǐ soulmate(idiom) A very close friend who truly understands one; refers to the story of Bo Ya and Zhong Ziqi where one played the lute and the other perfectly understood the music's meaning.
- 高山族 gāoshānzú Gaoshan peopleThe Gaoshan ethnic group; an umbrella term used primarily in mainland China to refer to the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. In Taiwan, it is an older term used to distinguish highland tribes from the lowland [[平埔族|平埔族|ping2 pu3 zu2]].
- 高山仰止 gāoshānyǎngzhǐ to admire great virtueTo look up to someone of high moral character with awe and admiration; refers to a person of awesome virtue. From a line in the [[诗经|詩經|shi1 jing1]] that means "the high mountain is looked up to; the great road is followed"
- 高山病 gāoshānbìng altitude sicknessIllness caused by the body's inability to adapt to low oxygen levels at high altitudes, resulting in symptoms like dizziness, headache, and shortness of breath
- 流水高山 liúshuǐgāoshān kindred spiritsLiterary idiom used to describe a deep friendship between people who truly understand one another, or to refer to the difficulty of finding such a soulmate
- 高山景行 gāoshānjǐngxíng high moral integrityTo have high moral character and behave in an upright manner; often used as a tribute to the deceased or to express deep admiration for someone's virtue.
- 高山旋木雀 gāoshānxuánmùquè bar-tailed treecreepera species of bird (Certhia himalayana) found in mountainous regions
- 高山植物 gāoshānzhíwù alpine plantPlants that grow in high-altitude mountain environments; often characterized by cold resistance and bright flowers
- 高山症 gāoshānzhèng altitude sicknessCondition caused by exposure to low air pressure and low oxygen levels at high altitudes, typically characterized by dizziness, headache, nausea, and shortness of breath
- 高山短翅莺 gāoshānduǎnchìyīng russet bush warbler(bird species of China) russet bush warbler (Locustella mandelli)
- 高山语 gāoshānyǔ Gaoshan languagesThe indigenous Formosan languages of Taiwan, which belong to the Austronesian language family.
- 高山适应不全症 gāoshānshìyìngbùquánzhèng altitude sicknessmedical condition caused by exposure to low atmospheric pressure at high altitudes
- 高山金翅雀 gāoshānjīnchìquè yellow-breasted greenfincha bird species of China (Chloris spinoides)
- 妙高山 miàogāoshān Mount Sumerusacred mountain at the center of the universe in Buddhist and Hindu cosmology
- 高山雀鹛 gāoshānquèméi Chinese fulvetta(bird species of China) Chinese fulvetta (Fulvetta striaticollis)
- 新高山 xīngāoshān Niitakayamaformer name of Yushan or Jade Mountain in Taiwan used during the Japanese colonial period
- 高山兀鹫 gāoshānwùjiù Himalayan vultureA large bird of prey found in high-altitude regions of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau
- 高山区 gāoshānqū alpine districthigh-altitude mountain region; alpine area
- 高山反应 gāoshānfǎnyìng altitude sicknessPhysical symptoms like dizziness, headache, nausea, and difficulty breathing caused by a lack of oxygen at high altitudes.
- 高山安仰 gāoshān'ānyǎng the master is gone(literary) used as a condolences message for the death of a teacher or mentor, meaning that their high moral character can no longer be looked up to
- 高山岭雀 gāoshānlǐngquè Brandt's mountain finch(bird species of China) Brandt's mountain finch (Leucosticte brandti)