created sense approved 五口通商 · wǔkǒutōngshāng · five treaty ports
五口通商
wǔkǒutōngshāng
five treaty ports
The five treaty ports (Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Xiamen, and Shanghai) forced on Qing China by the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing that concluded the First Opium War.
鸦片战争后，清政府被迫开放五口通商。