The five ethnic groups traditionally thought to make up the Chinese nation: Han, Manchu, Mongol, Hui, and Tibetan.

(literary) Five categories of relatives, typically referring to one's close and extended family line

(archaic) A group of five hundred households in the administrative system of the Zhou Dynasty.

(archaic) Ancient form of collective punishment involving the execution of five related family lines

The five tribes or administrative divisions of the ancient Goguryeo kingdom (Sono, Jeollo, Sunno, Gwanno, and Gyeru)

The five ranks of imperial concubines in certain dynasties, specifically Jieyu, Ronghua, Chonghua, Chenghui, and Lierong

(archaic) The five aristocratic clans or lineages mentioned in historical texts like the Zuo Zhuan