Used as a question word to ask about the identity, nature, or name of a person or thing.

Used in a negative sentence or a question to mean 'anything', 'any', or 'something' when the specific thing is unknown or unimportant.

Used with 都 dōu or 也 yě to mean 'any' or 'every'; when used twice in a sentence, the first instance determines the second, meaning 'whatever'.

Expresses surprise, disbelief, or dissatisfaction at what has just been said or seen.

Used before items in a list to suggest a wide variety or to indicate that the list is not exhaustive.

Used to express disagreement or to challenge a statement, often in response to someone else's words.