{"type":"character","character":{"character":"使","codepoint":"U+4F7F","gloss":"to use","iconicGloss":null,"hint":"The characters 史 (history), 吏 (government official), 使 (cause; use; instruct), and 事 (matter; work; affair) are all etymologically related and all derive from the same ancient character, depicting a hand (又) holding a container for writing utensils.","originalMeaning":null,"strokeCountSimp":8,"strokeCountTrad":8,"isVerified":true,"components":[{"hint":"亻 is a component form of 人. ","type":["meaning"],"character":"亻","pinyin":["rén"],"gloss":"person","iconicGloss":null},{"hint":"Depicts a hand holding a container for writing utensils.","type":["sound","iconic"],"character":"吏","isOldPronunciation":true,"pinyin":["lì"],"gloss":"government official","iconicGloss":null,"historicalPronunciations":[{"gloss":"officer","pinyin":"lì","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*[r]əʔ-s ","middleChinese":"liH"}]}],"customSources":["漢語多功能字庫|http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E4%BD%BF"],"simplifiedVariants":null,"traditionalVariants":null,"variantOf":null,"junDaRank":119,"junDaFrequency":316273,"junDaPerMillion":1634.45184895334,"subtlexRank":413,"subtlexCount":16913,"subtlexPerMillion":361.07,"subtlexContextDiversity":4913,"hsk2Level":4,"hsk3Level":2,"strokeDataSimp":{"source":"dong","medians":[[[282,785],[300,771],[320,736],[276,638],[223,544],[147,432],[86,358],[59,335]],[[232,503],[236,475],[255,441],[257,396],[251,203],[238,78],[244,25]],[[449,634],[518,630],[741,683],[777,683]],[[404,522],[433,497],[476,335]],[[457,520],[476,510],[590,528],[712,559],[735,560],[756,553],[785,526],[755,441],[728,422]],[[496,354],[510,365],[717,396],[764,397],[786,389]],[[567,816],[602,790],[615,772],[608,690],[600,338],[582,219],[551,152],[503,102],[412,51],[340,29]],[[402,291],[445,290],[494,264],[706,73],[788,17],[956,1]]],"strokes":["M 230 513 Q 270 571 313 646 Q 338 697 361 722 Q 371 732 365 747 Q 361 760 330 783 Q 302 801 281 800 Q 262 797 271 775 Q 287 744 276 715 Q 242 621 187 532 Q 135 447 62 352 Q 52 342 50 335 Q 46 323 61 326 Q 101 336 195 466 Q 199 473 206 481 L 230 513 Z","M 206 481 Q 231 421 232 362 Q 232 233 205 119 Q 190 70 227 22 Q 228 19 232 16 Q 251 0 263 28 Q 278 70 278 118 Q 278 365 286 421 Q 293 449 283 460 Q 265 482 251 496 Q 242 506 230 513 C 205 530 195 509 206 481 Z","M 629 632 Q 678 645 732 655 Q 777 667 783 673 Q 792 680 787 689 Q 780 699 752 707 Q 725 711 631 678 L 586 666 Q 525 653 456 644 Q 422 638 447 622 Q 489 598 544 614 Q 563 620 587 622 L 629 632 Z","M 449 523 Q 439 527 409 532 Q 397 533 395 529 Q 389 523 398 508 Q 425 459 445 375 Q 449 350 464 334 Q 482 315 486 329 Q 487 336 489 346 L 486 377 Q 476 410 463 490 C 458 520 458 520 449 523 Z","M 772 413 Q 802 492 831 508 Q 847 527 833 545 Q 760 605 698 575 Q 661 563 627 553 L 587 544 Q 520 532 449 523 C 419 519 434 485 463 490 Q 473 491 486 495 Q 535 505 586 513 L 626 521 Q 660 528 698 535 Q 725 542 735 530 Q 744 523 741 506 Q 732 457 721 417 C 713 388 761 385 772 413 Z","M 622 365 Q 691 374 784 380 Q 794 381 795 389 Q 795 396 772 413 C 758 424 750 423 721 417 Q 669 407 623 397 L 581 389 Q 530 383 486 377 C 456 373 459 345 489 346 Q 496 346 504 347 Q 534 354 578 359 L 622 365 Z","M 599 195 Q 620 258 622 365 L 623 397 Q 624 461 626 521 L 627 553 Q 628 593 629 632 L 631 678 Q 634 705 657 773 Q 664 786 653 798 Q 631 816 592 827 Q 567 833 559 826 Q 550 819 558 807 Q 580 771 584 725 Q 585 697 586 666 L 587 622 Q 587 583 587 544 L 586 513 Q 585 452 581 389 L 578 359 Q 572 275 560 229 L 547 192 Q 508 105 347 41 Q 334 35 333 31 Q 334 27 345 25 Q 364 22 408 35 Q 483 54 534 100 Q 562 125 583 158 L 599 195 Z","M 583 158 Q 623 118 650 87 Q 693 42 751 -6 Q 776 -30 821 -27 Q 864 -23 913 -18 Q 949 -14 960 -7 Q 979 -1 962 8 Q 935 20 815 51 Q 749 69 599 195 L 560 229 Q 481 298 468 301 Q 440 310 408 301 Q 395 298 395 291 Q 396 284 409 281 Q 457 281 524 214 Q 536 204 547 192 L 583 158 Z"]},"strokeDataTrad":{"source":"animcjk","medians":[[[276,791],[313,758],[315,716],[215,533],[57,334]],[[227,507],[257,405],[240,17]],[[444,634],[568,640],[782,691]],[[400,525],[436,494],[475,330]],[[450,514],[756,553],[790,519],[737,406]],[[482,361],[788,392]],[[561,820],[619,772],[581,220],[516,114],[343,31]],[[402,293],[490,266],[774,25],[961,3]]],"strokes":["M230,513C258,551 285,596 313,646C330,680 345,706 361,722C367,729 368,737 365,747C361,756 351,769 330,783C311,796 294,802 281,800C268,799 264,790 271,775C280,754 283,735 276,715C253,653 223,592 187,532C152,476 111,415 62,352C56,345 51,340 50,335C47,327 53,320 61,326C139,390 190,461 206,481C222,502 222,502 230,513Z","M206,481C222,441 231,402 232,362C232,277 224,195 205,119C196,86 202,55 227,22C240,5 254,11 263,28C275,55 278,86 278,118C278,283 279,384 286,421C289,440 289,453 283,460C266,480 251,493 230,513C221,522 201,493 206,481Z","M629,632C661,640 696,648 732,655C762,662 778,670 783,673C788,678 790,684 787,689C782,696 770,703 752,707C734,711 695,696 631,678C601,670 601,670 586,666C545,656 501,651 456,644C433,641 430,633 447,622C463,613 481,607 501,608C530,610 560,616 587,622C615,629 615,629 629,632Z","M449,523C442,526 429,530 409,532C401,534 396,532 395,529C391,525 392,519 398,508C416,476 432,432 445,375C448,359 453,345 464,334C481,316 487,329 489,346C489,357 488,367 486,377C477,415 471,437 463,490C461,502 460,519 449,523Z","M772,413C792,466 813,495 831,508C844,519 844,535 833,545C786,588 740,593 698,575C674,565 650,559 627,553C600,547 600,547 587,544C542,535 496,529 449,523C437,521 451,488 463,490C503,499 549,506 586,513C613,518 613,518 626,521C648,526 672,530 698,535C723,541 745,530 741,506C735,474 728,444 721,417C718,400 766,397 772,413Z","M622,365C667,372 722,376 784,380C790,381 794,384 795,389C795,394 787,402 772,413C759,424 738,420 721,417C686,411 653,405 623,399C595,394 595,394 581,391C547,385 515,381 486,377C476,375 479,344 489,346C496,346 512,351 578,359C607,363 607,363 622,365Z","M599,195C613,252 620,328 622,365C623,388 623,388 623,399C624,442 624,481 626,521C627,542 627,542 627,553C627,580 627,607 629,632C630,663 630,663 631,678C631,697 640,729 657,773C660,783 661,791 653,798C638,811 618,821 592,827C575,832 564,831 559,826C553,822 552,816 558,807C572,784 581,756 584,725C585,707 585,687 586,666C586,647 586,637 587,622C587,597 587,570 587,544C586,523 586,523 586,513C584,473 584,433 581,391C579,370 579,370 578,359C576,341 570,269 560,229C556,217 552,204 547,192C516,130 454,85 347,41C338,38 333,34 333,31C333,29 337,27 345,25C357,23 378,26 408,35C477,58 550,97 583,158C589,170 595,182 599,195Z","M583,158C610,133 631,108 650,87C678,57 713,27 751,-6C768,-21 791,-29 821,-27C849,-24 880,-21 913,-18C937,-15 952,-10 960,-7C972,-1 973,3 962,8C944,17 894,30 815,51C770,63 697,110 599,195C573,218 573,218 560,229C507,275 476,299 468,301C449,307 429,307 408,301C399,299 394,296 395,291C395,287 400,283 409,281C474,267 502,234 547,192C571,169 571,169 583,158Z"]},"fragmentsSimp":[[0,1],[2,3,4,5,6,7],[7]],"fragmentsTrad":null,"historicalImages":[{"era":"(~1250-1000 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E4%BD%BF_0.png","type":"Oracle","source":"academia-sinica","description":"甲68(甲)"},{"era":"Mid Spring and Autumn (~600 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E4%BD%BF_1.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"𦅫鎛(金)春秋中期"},{"era":"Late Warring States (~250 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E4%BD%BF_2.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"中山王昔鼎(金)戰國晚期"},{"era":"Late Warring States (~250 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E4%BD%BF_3.png","type":"Bronze","source":"academia-sinica","description":"十三年壺(金)戰國晚期"},{"era":"Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E4%BD%BF_4.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"上(1).䊷.12(楚)"},{"era":"Shuowen (~100 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E4%BD%BF_5.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"說文‧人部"},{"era":"Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E4%BD%BF_6.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"睡虎地簡12.46(隸)秦"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E4%BD%BF_7.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"老子甲37(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E4%BD%BF_8.png","type":"Seal","source":"academia-sinica","description":"漢印西漢"},{"era":"Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E4%BD%BF_9.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"定縣竹簡63(隸)西漢"},{"era":"Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E4%BD%BF_10.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"華山廟碑(隸)東漢"},{"era":"Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)","url":"https://data.dong-chinese.com/img/sinica/%E4%BD%BF_11.png","type":"Clerical","source":"academia-sinica","description":"熹.詩.伯兮(隸)東漢"}],"historicalPronunciations":[{"gloss":"send; cause","pinyin":"shǐ","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*s-rəʔ ","middleChinese":"sriX"},{"gloss":"envoy","pinyin":"shǐ","source":"baxter-sagart","oldChinese":"*s-rəʔ-s ","middleChinese":"sriH"}],"shuowenExplanation":"《說文》：“使，伶也。从人，吏聲。”","shuowenPronunciation":"疏士切","shuowenPinyin":"shi","pinyinFrequencies":[{"count":2283,"pinyin":"shǐ"}],"pinyin":["shǐ"]},"componentUses":[],"commonWords":[{"simplified":"使","traditional":"使","pinyin":"shi3","gloss":"cause","definition":"to make, cause, or enable","perMillion":617.488916620215},{"simplified":"使用","traditional":"使用","pinyin":"shi3 yong4","gloss":"use","definition":"to put something into service or action for a purpose; to utilize or employ","perMillion":363.753877646778},{"simplified":"即使","traditional":"即使","pinyin":"ji2 shi3","gloss":"even if","definition":"even if; even though","perMillion":115.682600891099},{"simplified":"使得","traditional":"使得","pinyin":"shi3 de5","gloss":"cause","definition":"to make, cause, or bring about a result","perMillion":79.1988751777371},{"simplified":"天使","traditional":"天使","pinyin":"tian1 shi3","gloss":"angel","definition":"angel","perMillion":51.66},{"simplified":"促使","traditional":"促使","pinyin":"cu4 shi3","gloss":"prompt","definition":"to prompt; to induce; to spur","perMillion":24.0736184716767},{"simplified":"致使","traditional":"致使","pinyin":"zhi4 shi3","gloss":"cause","definition":"to bring about a certain result or consequence, often one that is undesirable","perMillion":20.1432209432306},{"simplified":"行使","traditional":"行使","pinyin":"xing2 shi3","gloss":"exercise","definition":"to exercise (a right, power, etc.)","perMillion":18.1211391791837},{"simplified":"大使","traditional":"大使","pinyin":"da4 shi3","gloss":"ambassador","definition":"a high-ranking diplomatic official sent by a country as its resident representative in a foreign state","perMillion":17.8838876757166},{"simplified":"使命","traditional":"使命","pinyin":"shi3 ming4","gloss":"calling","definition":"a noble long-term task or sense of duty to which one devotes one's life","perMillion":16.13},{"simplified":"使用权","traditional":"使用權","pinyin":"shi3 yong4 quan2","gloss":"usage rights","definition":"usage rights; right of use","perMillion":12.0859113211205},{"simplified":"迫使","traditional":"迫使","pinyin":"po4 shi3","gloss":"force","definition":"to force; to compel","perMillion":10.284616326698},{"simplified":"使劲","traditional":"使勁","pinyin":"shi3 jin4","gloss":"exert strength","definition":"to exert all one's strength","perMillion":8.85},{"simplified":"使者","traditional":"使者","pinyin":"shi3 zhe3","gloss":"messenger","definition":"someone or something that carries a message or serves as a symbolic herald of a specific quality or event","perMillion":7.94115358045296},{"simplified":"使馆","traditional":"使館","pinyin":"shi3 guan3","gloss":"embassy","definition":"a diplomatic mission or the building that houses it in a foreign country","perMillion":7.24666048456418},{"simplified":"使用者","traditional":"使用者","pinyin":"shi3 yong4 zhe3","gloss":"user","definition":"user","perMillion":6.32176733896864},{"simplified":"大使馆","traditional":"大使館","pinyin":"da4 shi3 guan3","gloss":"embassy","definition":"embassy","perMillion":5.99},{"simplified":"使出","traditional":"使出","pinyin":"shi3 chu1","gloss":"employ","definition":"to put a skill, tactic, or method into use","perMillion":5.22441938438329},{"simplified":"指使","traditional":"指使","pinyin":"zhi3 shi3","gloss":"incite","definition":"to instigate or direct someone to do something behind the scenes","perMillion":4.71},{"simplified":"驱使","traditional":"驅使","pinyin":"qu1 shi3","gloss":"prompt","definition":"to urge, prompt, or spur on someone to take action, often driven by a feeling or internal force","perMillion":3.88},{"simplified":"节度使","traditional":"節度使","pinyin":"jie2 du4 shi3","gloss":"provincial governor","definition":"Tang and Song dynasty provincial governor, in Tang times having military and civil authority, but only civil authority in Song","perMillion":3.39263807632974},{"simplified":"使唤","traditional":"使喚","pinyin":"shi3 huan5","gloss":"handle","definition":"to operate or control a tool, machine, or draught animal","perMillion":3.37},{"simplified":"主使","traditional":"主使","pinyin":"zhu3 shi3","gloss":"instigator","definition":"a person who masterminds or instigates an event, often a crime","perMillion":3.1},{"simplified":"纵使","traditional":"縱使","pinyin":"zong4 shi3","gloss":"even if","definition":"even if; even though; used to introduce a concessive clause that is often hypothetical","perMillion":2.81419479800879},{"simplified":"好使","traditional":"好使","pinyin":"hao3 shi3","gloss":"effective","definition":"easy to use or functioning well","perMillion":2.71},{"simplified":"使节","traditional":"使節","pinyin":"shi3 jie2","gloss":"envoy","definition":"(diplomatic) envoy","perMillion":2.55171507333134},{"simplified":"信使","traditional":"信使","pinyin":"xin4 shi3","gloss":"messenger","definition":"a person who carries messages or documents, often in an official, diplomatic, or historical context","perMillion":2.38},{"simplified":"特使","traditional":"特使","pinyin":"te4 shi3","gloss":"envoy","definition":"a special representative or ambassador sent on a specific diplomatic mission","perMillion":2.37219636240261},{"simplified":"形象大使","traditional":"形象大使","pinyin":"xing2 xiang4 da4 shi3","gloss":"brand ambassador","definition":"a person who represents an organization and enhances its image; an ambassador","perMillion":1.97305934683178},{"simplified":"使用价值","traditional":"使用價值","pinyin":"shi3 yong4 jia4 zhi2","gloss":"use-value","definition":"usable value","perMillion":1.62368831710125},{"simplified":"使用量","traditional":"使用量","pinyin":"shi3 yong4 liang4","gloss":"usage","definition":"volume of use or amount used","perMillion":1.46015633161321},{"simplified":"使徒","traditional":"使徒","pinyin":"shi3 tu2","gloss":"apostle","definition":"apostle","perMillion":1.34},{"simplified":"假使","traditional":"假使","pinyin":"jia3 shi3","gloss":"if","definition":"used to introduce a hypothetical condition or supposition","perMillion":1.33996377456241},{"simplified":"公使","traditional":"公使","pinyin":"gong1 shi3","gloss":"minister","definition":"a diplomatic representative of the rank below ambassador","perMillion":1.2035720438923},{"simplified":"诱使","traditional":"誘使","pinyin":"you4 shi3","gloss":"induce","definition":"to entice or persuade someone to do something through a lure or temptation","perMillion":1.14753883678288},{"simplified":"出使","traditional":"出使","pinyin":"chu1 shi3","gloss":"envoy","definition":"to go abroad as an ambassador or be sent on a diplomatic mission","perMillion":1.02192885117743},{"simplified":"使坏","traditional":"使壞","pinyin":"shi3 huai4","gloss":"mischief","definition":"to be up to mischief or play pranks, often in a naughty or playful manner","perMillion":0.8},{"simplified":"鬼使神差","traditional":"鬼使神差","pinyin":"gui3 shi3 shen2 chai1","gloss":"mysterious compulsion","definition":"acting in an unexpected or subconscious way as if driven by hidden or supernatural forces","perMillion":0.702566126676109},{"simplified":"使团","traditional":"使團","pinyin":"shi3 tuan2","gloss":"diplomatic mission","definition":"diplomatic mission","perMillion":0.682649109931057},{"simplified":"差使","traditional":"差使","pinyin":"chai1 shi3","gloss":"messenger","definition":"servants of an official or an official messenger","perMillion":0.63},{"simplified":"颐指气使","traditional":"頤指氣使","pinyin":"yi2 zhi3 qi4 shi3","gloss":"bossy","definition":"to order people about arrogantly; to be overbearing and domineering via facial expressions or gestures","perMillion":0.54},{"simplified":"使然","traditional":"使然","pinyin":"shi3 ran2","gloss":"cause","definition":"to make it so; to result from a specific force or influence","perMillion":0.48},{"simplified":"使领馆","traditional":"使領館","pinyin":"shi3 ling3 guan3","gloss":"embassies and consulates","definition":"embassy and consulate","perMillion":0.461118771681431},{"simplified":"使眼色","traditional":"使眼色","pinyin":"shi3 yan3 se4","gloss":"wink","definition":"to give someone a meaningful look","perMillion":0.405032452527366},{"simplified":"白衣天使","traditional":"白衣天使","pinyin":"bai2 yi1 tian1 shi3","gloss":"angel in white","definition":"\"angel in white\" (honorific term for a nurse)","perMillion":0.391435769096078},{"simplified":"大使级","traditional":"大使級","pinyin":"da4 shi3 ji2","gloss":"ambassadorial","definition":"ambassadorial","perMillion":0.351229951293401},{"simplified":"使不得","traditional":"使不得","pinyin":"shi3 bu5 de5","gloss":"unacceptable","definition":"must not do something; improper or impermissible in a given context","perMillion":0.324567704877359},{"simplified":"见风使舵","traditional":"見風使舵","pinyin":"jian4 feng1 shi3 duo4","gloss":"opportunistic","definition":"To act pragmatically or be flexible in order to take advantage of the current situation, like adjusting a helm to the wind.","perMillion":0.285955248414285},{"simplified":"支使","traditional":"支使","pinyin":"zhi1 shi3","gloss":"order around","definition":"to order someone to perform tasks or send them on errands","perMillion":0.251166859166262},{"simplified":"密使","traditional":"密使","pinyin":"mi4 shi3","gloss":"secret envoy","definition":"secret envoy","perMillion":0.205118716451703}],"deletedComponentGlyphs":null,"wordData":{"simplified":"使","traditional":"使","senses":[{"id":413884,"simplified":"使","traditional":"使","pinyin":"shi3","gloss":"cause","definition":"to make, cause, or enable","example":"这种药能使你的病好得快些。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["v","c","w"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":46,"sentenceCount":45,"exampleSentenceHtml":"这种药能使你的病好得快些。"},{"id":413887,"simplified":"使","traditional":"使","pinyin":"shi3","gloss":"use","definition":"to use or employ","example":"你会使筷子吗？","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["v","w"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":4,"sentenceCount":4,"exampleSentenceHtml":"你会使筷子吗？"},{"id":413885,"simplified":"使","traditional":"使","pinyin":"shi3","gloss":"envoy","definition":"an envoy or messenger","example":"他曾奉使前往国外进行双边贸易谈判。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["v","n"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":2,"sentenceCount":2,"exampleSentenceHtml":"他曾奉使前往国外进行双边贸易谈判。"},{"id":413886,"simplified":"使","traditional":"使","pinyin":"shi3","gloss":"send","definition":"to send or instruct someone to do something","example":"他使人去请医生来家里为母亲看病。","variantPinyin":[],"posTags":["v"],"source":"cedict","occurrences":1,"sentenceCount":1,"exampleSentenceHtml":"他使人去请医生来家里为母亲看病。"}],"references":[],"frequency":{"subtlexPerMillion":146.51,"subtlexContextDiversityPct":41,"bccPerMillion":617.4889166202147,"hsk2Level":4,"hsk3Level":3}}}