to face or risk; to go against despite danger or difficulty

(literary) to cover; to overspread

(bound form) to violate; to affront or cause offense

to give off; to send out or up; to emerge from within, such as sweat, smoke, or steam

to feign or falsely adopt another's identity; to pass off something fake as genuine

(bound form) rash; careless; impulsive

a Chinese surname

used in the name of the Xiongnu chieftain 冒顿 mò​dú